Performance Profiling of Different Immersive Applications

Testbed Setup

To start the testbed, inside *ci-scripts/yaml_files/5g_rfsimulator* , run the following commands:

Start the 5g core:

docker compose up -d mysql oai-amf oai-smf oai-upf oai-ext-dn

Wait until all containers are healthy. You can check the containers using the following command

docker compose ps -a

Deploy OAI gNB in RF simulator mode and in Standalone Mode

docker compose up -d oai-gnb

wait until the containers are running and healthy

Deploy OAI NR-UE in RF simulator mode and in Standalone Mode

docker compose up -d oai-nr-ue

Setting the Stage

Before proceeding with the experiments and measurements, there are a few preliminary steps that need to be followed:

Modifying MAC Addresses

In order to run the next experiments with the PCAP files, a preliminary fix of changing the Source and Destination MAC addresses is needed, following these steps:

Access EXT-DN entity and check MAC address for eth0 interface using either ifconfig or ip a

$ docker exec -it rfsim5g-oai-ext-dn bash

root@03cb73d7b6ad:/tmp# ifconfig

*eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.72.135  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 192.168.72.191
        **ether aa:8e:94:be:7b:c0**  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 435  bytes 70301 (70.3 KB)*

Access UPF entity and check MAC address for eth1 interface using either ifconfig or ip a:

$ docker exec -it rfsim5g-oai-upf bash
root@f96643d2d39b:/openair-upf# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.71.134  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 192.168.71.191
        ether 16:3e:02:a7:bc:a7  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 396  bytes 56585 (56.5 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 299  bytes 15595 (15.5 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.72.134  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 192.168.72.191
        ether **a2:95:24:81:e0:6e**  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 495  bytes 75533 (75.5 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 417  bytes 35882 (35.8 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Install python3, pip and scapy if not already installed.

$ sudo apt install python3
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
$ pip install scapy

Change modify_pcap.py file accordingly with the source and destination MAC addresses. The IP addresses and Ports should remain the same if using the default configuration.

# ...
# IP addresses
new_src_ip = '192.168.72.135'   # EXT-DN (Private)
new_dst_ip = '12.1.1.2' # NR-UE (Public)

# MAC addresses
new_src_mac = 'aa:8e:94:be:7b:c0'  #ext--dn MAC
new_dst_mac = 'a2:95:24:81:e0:6e'  # upf MAC - for NIC: eth1 192.168.72.134

# Ports
new_src_port = 59082
new_dst_port = 12345
# ...

Execute modify_pcap.py, which will create a folder ./pcap_outputs with the modified PCAPs. Do not forget to modify the location of input folder ./pcap if its location was changed.

$ python3 modify_pcap.py
./pcaps/haptic/vr/haptic.pcap: 3199/3199
Processed: ./pcaps/haptic/vr/haptic.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/haptic/teleoperation/haptic.pcap: 5233/5233
Processed: ./pcaps/haptic/teleoperation/haptic.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/control/vr/contro.pcap: 3201/3201
Processed: ./pcaps/control/vr/contro.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/control/teleoperation/control.pcap: 5233/5233
Processed: ./pcaps/control/teleoperation/control.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/audio/teleoperation/IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent.pcap: 8301/8301
Processed: ./pcaps/audio/teleoperation/IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/video/vr/video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent.pcap: 106509/106509
Processed: ./pcaps/video/vr/video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent.pcap, Errors: 0
./pcaps/video/teleoperation/IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent.pcap: 299655/299655
Processed: ./pcaps/video/teleoperation/IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent.pcap, Errors: 0

[DONE] Processing complete.

### Sent and Received PCAPs

Install required dependencies on EXT-DN:

```bash
docker exec -it rfsim5g-oai-ext-dn bash

root@03cb73d7b6ad:/tmp# sudo apt install tcpdump
root@03cb73d7b6ad:/tmp# sudo apt install tcpreplay

Install required dependencies on UE:

docker exec -it rfsim5g-oai-nr-ue bash

root@03cb73d7b6ad:/tmp# sudo apt install tcpdump
root@03cb73d7b6ad:/tmp# sudo apt install tcpreplay

Specify the Containers and PCAPs involved in the process:

NR_UE_CONTAINER="rfsim5g-oai-nr-ue"
EXT_DN_CONTAINER="rfsim5g-oai-ext-dn"
LOCAL_PCAP_DIR="./pcaps_output"  # Input PCAP directory (host)
LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR="./output"  # Output directory (host)
CONTAINER_PCAP_DIR="/opt/oai-ext-dn/ext-dn_files/pcaps"  # Mounted path inside the container
N=2  # Number of iterations per pcap file
DURATION=5  # Duration in seconds for capturing packets

Run the experiment script to split the PCAPs into Sent and Received PCAPs:

$ . run_expirement.sh

If everything is correct, the following structure should result from the experiment operation:

output
├── audio
│   └── teleoperation
│       ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent_iteration1_received.pcap
│       ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent_iteration1_sent.pcap
│       ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent_iteration2_received.pcap
│       └── IMG_4147_20250303134545_audio_sent_iteration2_sent.pcap
├── control
│   ├── teleoperation
│   │   ├── control_iteration1_received.pcap
│   │   ├── control_iteration1_sent.pcap
│   │   ├── control_iteration2_received.pcap
│   │   └── control_iteration2_sent.pcap
│   └── vr
│       ├── contro_iteration1_received.pcap
│       ├── contro_iteration1_sent.pcap
│       ├── contro_iteration2_received.pcap
│       └── contro_iteration2_sent.pcap
├── haptic
│   ├── teleoperation
│   │   ├── haptic_iteration1_received.pcap
│   │   ├── haptic_iteration1_sent.pcap
│   │   ├── haptic_iteration2_received.pcap
│   │   └── haptic_iteration2_sent.pcap
│   └── vr
│       ├── haptic_iteration1_received.pcap
│       ├── haptic_iteration1_sent.pcap
│       ├── haptic_iteration2_received.pcap
│       └── haptic_iteration2_sent.pcap
└── video
    ├── teleoperation
    │   ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent_iteration1_received.pcap
    │   ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent_iteration1_sent.pcap
    │   ├── IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent_iteration2_received.pcap
    │   └── IMG_4147_20250303134545_video_sent_iteration2_sent.pcap
    └── vr
        ├── video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent_iteration1_received.pcap
        ├── video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent_iteration1_sent.pcap
        ├── video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent_iteration2_received.pcap
        └── video0_4k_60fps_20250303161901_video_sent_iteration2_sent.pcap


Note that the MAC addresses of each entity change every time you do “compose down” and then “compose up”.

### Fixing Resulting PCAPs

Install required dependencies on EXT-DN:

```bash
$ sudo apt install pcapfix

Run script for fixing PCAPs from /output folder and saving the fixed PCAPs on same folder:

$ . fix_pcaps.sh output
Creating a backup of the input folder: ./output_backup
Backup successfully created at: ./output_backup
Processing file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_received.pcap
pcapfix 1.1.7 (c) 2012-2021 Robert Krause

[*] Reading from file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_received.pcap
[*] Writing to file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_received.pcap
[*] File size: 1245689 bytes.
[+] This is a PCAP file.
[*] Analyzing Global Header...
[+] The global pcap header seems to be fine!
[*] Analyzing packets...
[*] Progress:  20.01 %
[*] Progress:  40.00 %
[*] Progress:  60.00 %
[*] Progress:  80.01 %
[*] Progress: 100.00 %
[*] Your pcap file looks proper. Nothing to fix!

Processing file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_sent.pcap
pcapfix 1.1.7 (c) 2012-2021 Robert Krause

[*] Reading from file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_sent.pcap
[*] Writing to file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration1_sent.pcap
[*] File size: 2607139 bytes.
[+] This is a PCAP file.
[*] Analyzing Global Header...
[+] The global pcap header seems to be fine!
[*] Analyzing packets...
[*] Progress:  20.00 %
[*] Progress:  40.01 %
[*] Progress:  60.01 %
[*] Progress:  80.00 %
[*] Progress: 100.00 %
[*] Your pcap file looks proper. Nothing to fix!

Processing file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_received.pcap
pcapfix 1.1.7 (c) 2012-2021 Robert Krause

[*] Reading from file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_received.pcap
[*] Writing to file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_received.pcap
[*] File size: 654578 bytes.
[+] This is a PCAP file.
[*] Analyzing Global Header...
[+] The global pcap header seems to be fine!
[*] Analyzing packets...
[*] Progress:  20.01 %
[*] Progress:  40.02 %
[*] Progress:  60.00 %
[*] Progress:  80.01 %
[*] Progress: 100.00 %
[*] Your pcap file looks proper. Nothing to fix!

Processing file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_sent.pcap
pcapfix 1.1.7 (c) 2012-2021 Robert Krause

[*] Reading from file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_sent.pcap
[*] Writing to file: output/haptic/vr/haptic_iteration2_sent.pcap
[*] File size: 696320 bytes.
[+] This is a PCAP file.
[*] Analyzing Global Header...
[+] The global pcap header seems to be fine!
[*] Analyzing packets...
[*] Progress:  20.00 %
[*] Progress:  40.01 %
[*] Progress:  60.02 %
[*] Progress:  80.02 %
[+] CORRECTED Packet #3186 at position 696270 (1751371596 | 264644 | 34 | 205).
[*] Progress: 100.00 %
[*] Wrote 3186 packets to file.
[+] SUCCESS: 1 Corruption(s) fixed!

Copy the fixed PCAP files on the /output folder to /tmp folder for later processing.

$ sudo cp -R output /tmp

Measuring Latency

python measure_latency.py

Output: A CSV file for audio and/or video and/or control and/or haptic will be saved, with the following format:

Sender_Time,Receiver_Time,Latency_ms
1742040927.312693,1742040927.313672,0.9789466857910156
1742040927.313705,1742040927.314399,0.6940364837646484
1742040927.314425,1742040927.315299,0.8740425109863281
1742040927.315099,1742040927.315939,0.8399486541748047
1742040927.31573,1742040927.316487,0.7569789886474609
1742040927.316351,1742040927.317101,0.7500648498535156
1742040927.316975,1742040927.317692,0.7169246673583984
1742040927.317717,1742040927.318623,0.9059906005859375
1742040927.318333,1742040927.319266,0.9331703186035156
1742040927.318911,1742040927.319754,0.8428096771240234
1742040927.319518,1742040927.32031,0.7920265197753906
1742040927.320118,1742040927.321103,0.9851455688476562
1742040927.320705,1742040927.321667,0.9620189666748047
1742040927.321302,1742040927.322236,0.9341239929199219
1742040927.321924,1742040927.322747,0.8230209350585938

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 3 Commits
hybrid_data		hybrid_data
hybrid_data2		hybrid_data2
pcaps		pcaps
physical_data		physical_data
physical_data2		physical_data2
physical_data3		physical_data3
.DS_Store		.DS_Store
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
README.md		README.md
fix_pcaps.sh		fix_pcaps.sh
measure_latency.py		measure_latency.py
modify_pcap.py		modify_pcap.py
run_expirement.sh		run_expirement.sh

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Performance Profiling of Different Immersive Applications

Testbed Setup

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Modifying MAC Addresses

Measuring Latency

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Performance Profiling of Different Immersive Applications

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Measuring Latency

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