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Add DOMException to VM context and first-class serialization support#1512

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nrajlich/domexception-serialization
Apr 6, 2026
Merged

Add DOMException to VM context and first-class serialization support#1512
TooTallNate merged 1 commit intomainfrom
nrajlich/domexception-serialization

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@TooTallNate TooTallNate commented Mar 24, 2026 •
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Summary

  • Pass DOMException through to the workflow VM context alongside other Web APIs (Headers, URL, TextEncoder, etc.)
  • Add DOMException reducer/reviver to the devalue serialization pipeline, preserving message, name, and derived code
  • Add DOMException to the Serializable type union
  • 6 new tests: round-trip for AbortError, NotFoundError, default name, serialization key verification, cross-VM boundaries, and VM context availability

Context

This is PR 2 of 5 in a series to improve error handling in Workflow DevKit. Stacked on top of #1511.

  1. Add first-class serialization for built-in Error subclasses #1511 — First-class serde for built-in Error subclasses
  2. This PR — DOMException VM context + serde support
  3. WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE for FatalError and RetryableError
  4. Serialize thrown step errors through the devalue pipeline (event log format change)
  5. Serialize thrown workflow errors through the devalue pipeline

Design notes

DOMException is a standard Web API available in Node.js since v17. It was previously missing from the workflow VM context, which meant deserialization would have needed a fallback. This PR adds it to createContext() alongside the other Web API passthroughs, so the reviver can always construct a proper DOMException.

Key differences from regular Error subclasses:

  • Constructor signature is new DOMException(message, name) — no options bag
  • The code property is read-only and automatically derived from the name (e.g. AbortError → 20, NotFoundError → 8)
  • In Node.js, types.isNativeError() returns true and instanceof Error is true

Test plan

  • 6 new tests added to the existing built-in Error subclass serialization describe block
  • All 519 core package tests pass (22 test files)
  • Core package builds cleanly with tsc

@TooTallNate TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code owner March 24, 2026 21:38
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings March 24, 2026 21:38
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changeset-bot Bot commented Mar 24, 2026 •
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6599b23

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
Name Type
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/next Patch
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/vitest Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/nest Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/vite Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch
@workflow/ai Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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vercel Bot commented Mar 24, 2026 •
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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 868 0 67 935
✅ 💻 Local Development 842 0 178 1020
✅ 📦 Local Production 842 0 178 1020
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 842 0 178 1020
✅ 🪟 Windows 77 0 8 85
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 134 61 24 219
✅ 📋 Other 213 0 42 255
Total 3818 61 675 4554

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (61 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNGP3TZFQRXZRT9Z8RV6X8P7
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP45AWBJT48S23486TJ25F
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNGPBP6R9X930111N3VYBGZ8

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNGP3TZFQRXZRT9Z8RV6X8P7
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNGPBP6R9X930111N3VYBGZ8

turso (56 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP2HXWF3XKZ11W7B0ARCCT
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP2HXWF3XKZ11W7B0ARCCT
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNGP43JTVKDHW9HTH564GEFE
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP2RKFRSSXA9FYYAK05ZRT
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP30ZK77SN8DYH9HCE1HN9
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP33C95XT95SR790KR91MQ
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP4DW2YDZMTCN4J9RBMC7S
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP3FG5T5BDB0PM1K6D9FVN
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNGP3TZFQRXZRT9Z8RV6X8P7
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP45AWBJT48S23486TJ25F
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP4BJFSP1QTDZDYN0SMYEM
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP4Q5B4YC80A1T7FG2MFF6
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP4TJC0AA3A1BEXMRYQGF0
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP4WWKWCTX29P51WXWBQD9
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP7FKRD7MKZA5A841V6NCW
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNGP7K18GJXW29PJF51YDCDT
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNGPB1G3C4090V2AYNDRH5V8
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNGPBP6R9X930111N3VYBGZ8
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNGPCB5N31HXJJ5X95ER138P
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNGPCZXGRT07B7EKJPTZA16H
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNGPD8GCCSC7CTNQSCH416E3
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNGPDFE7XTYFTY0CPGEFDQBT
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNGPDHNCGAA54SWP6BMX96EX
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNGPE0MP2D96QEC9XF9PSXHR
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNGPE6C8QEK5W6CD43QAQWFH
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNGPED2XE2Z551MHMZDZHEHJ
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNGPEJCP6J753X0VP7PQV79F
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNGPESXRGF0HPXW15AS076YN
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNGPF1NXVR2PSJ1STWCD93J4
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNGPF89QB8XE4AFF0GV78WE3
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNGPFK96P1JPBHVVB9EM1TN0
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNGPFW4JFE9C9K2DD3RRETVX
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNGPG3WJ7XT19EYYHFBYS40D
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNGPGE3WG773JTQAKXPHQHNM
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNGPGT1A6QCVCGKCWKBCGW0A
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNGPHFQ6VN124HTNYEEVK0DH
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNGPHSXSDH57K7G340VA806J
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNGPJ0HS2X8P9W66CDFTFC3F
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KNGPJ2Q89A4QN7ECYGP79KWC

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 78 0 7
✅ example 78 0 7
✅ express 78 0 7
✅ fastify 78 0 7
✅ hono 78 0 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 83 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 83 0 2
✅ nitro 78 0 7
✅ nuxt 78 0 7
✅ sveltekit 78 0 7
✅ vite 78 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 71 0 14
✅ express-stable 71 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 71 0 14
✅ hono-stable 71 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 71 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 71 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 71 0 14
✅ vite-stable 71 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 71 0 14
✅ express-stable 71 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 71 0 14
✅ hono-stable 71 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 71 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 71 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 71 0 14
✅ vite-stable 71 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 71 0 14
✅ express-stable 71 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 71 0 14
✅ hono-stable 71 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 60 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 77 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 71 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 71 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 71 0 14
✅ vite-stable 71 0 14
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 77 0 8
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 5 0 0
❌ mongodb 57 3 8
✅ redis-dev 5 0 0
❌ redis 58 2 8
✅ turso-dev 5 0 0
❌ turso 4 56 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 71 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 71 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 71 0 14

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Pull request overview

Adds first-class DOMException support to the @workflow/core devalue-based serialization pipeline so DOMExceptions retain identity and key fields when crossing workflow/step boundaries (including VM contexts).

Changes:

  • Add DOMException reducer/reviver to the common devalue reducers/revivers, preserving message, name, and stack.
  • Add tests covering DOMException round-trips (AbortError, NotFoundError, default name), serialization key selection, and cross-VM hydration.
  • Add a changeset to release the update as a patch for @workflow/core.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 3 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

File Description
packages/core/src/serialization.ts Introduces DOMException reducer/reviver and adds DOMException to SerializableSpecial.
packages/core/src/serialization.test.ts Adds DOMException-focused test coverage alongside existing built-in Error serialization tests.
.changeset/domexception-serialization.md Publishes a patch changeset for @workflow/core describing DOMException serde support.

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Comment thread packages/core/src/serialization.ts Outdated
Comment thread packages/core/src/serialization.ts
@TooTallNate TooTallNate mentioned this pull request Mar 24, 2026
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@TooTallNate TooTallNate force-pushed the nrajlich/domexception-serialization branch from c735685 to a30a601 Compare April 1, 2026 23:45
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TooTallNate commented Apr 1, 2026

Addressed the review feedback in a30a601:

DOMException in Serializable type (comment on line 596): Fixed. Added DOMException to the Serializable union type in schemas.ts.

Missing fallback path test (comment on line 1150): Fixed. Added a test that hydrates a DOMException with a context where global.DOMException is unavailable, verifying the fallback produces a plain Error with the original name ("AbortError") and message preserved.

@TooTallNate TooTallNate force-pushed the nrajlich/domexception-serialization branch from 7a43bf9 to 909f31f Compare April 2, 2026 00:17
karthikscale3
karthikscale3 reviewed Apr 2, 2026
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Comment thread packages/core/src/serialization.ts
Comment thread packages/core/src/serialization.ts
@TooTallNate
Add DOMException to VM context and first-class serialization support
6599b23 
- Pass DOMException through to the workflow VM context alongside other
  Web APIs (Headers, URL, TextEncoder, etc.)
- Add DOMException reducer/reviver to the serialization pipeline,
  preserving message, name, derived code, and cause when present
- Add DOMException to the Serializable type union
- 8 new tests: round-trip for AbortError, NotFoundError, default name,
  cause preservation, cause absence, serialization key, cross-VM
  boundaries, and VM context availability
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.037s (-10.1% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.970s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.043s (-1.2%) 1.005s (~) 0.962s 10 1.14x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.048s (-21.3% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.963s 10 1.28x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.052s (-20.3% 🟢) 1.012s (~) 0.960s 10 1.39x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.054s 1.005s 0.951s 10 1.45x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.054s 1.006s 0.952s 10 1.45x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.059s 1.011s 0.952s 10 1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.468s (-0.7%) 2.716s (-2.1%) 2.248s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.496s (-28.0% 🟢) 2.815s (-2.3%) 2.319s 10 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.537s (-10.6% 🟢) 2.774s (+2.7%) 2.237s 10 1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.094s (-3.2%) 2.006s (~) 0.911s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.119s (-2.4%) 2.011s (~) 0.892s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.120s (-2.0%) 2.010s (~) 0.890s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 1.125s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.880s 10 1.03x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.126s 2.007s 0.881s 10 1.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.132s 2.007s 0.875s 10 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.141s 2.012s 0.871s 10 1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.039s (-8.1% 🟢) 3.930s (-1.8%) 1.892s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.058s (-12.5% 🟢) 3.787s (-5.6% 🟢) 1.728s 10 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.060s (-1.3%) 3.731s (-1.3%) 1.671s 10 1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 10.643s (-2.4%) 11.024s (~) 0.381s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.713s (-1.6%) 11.027s (~) 0.314s 3 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.714s (-1.5%) 11.020s (~) 0.306s 3 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 10.757s 11.024s 0.267s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.880s 11.026s 0.147s 3 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 10.916s 11.021s 0.105s 3 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 10.918s (~) 11.024s (~) 0.105s 3 1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 16.503s (+2.3%) 18.337s (+1.4%) 1.834s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 17.172s (+2.8%) 19.125s (+4.0%) 1.953s 2 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 17.309s (+3.4%) 19.748s (+7.7% 🔺) 2.439s 2 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 14.068s (-3.6%) 14.823s (-1.3%) 0.754s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 14.081s (-2.9%) 15.026s (~) 0.945s 4 1.00x
💻 Local Express 14.147s (-5.2% 🟢) 15.030s (~) 0.883s 4 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 14.329s 15.030s 0.701s 4 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 14.409s 15.028s 0.619s 4 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 14.829s 15.032s 0.203s 4 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 14.947s (~) 15.029s (-1.6%) 0.082s 4 1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 30.514s (~) 32.247s (-2.6%) 1.733s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 30.797s (+0.7%) 32.499s (+0.9%) 1.702s 2 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 32.945s (+4.9%) 34.544s (+3.5%) 1.599s 2 1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 13.088s (-6.1% 🟢) 13.738s (-3.0%) 0.650s 7 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13.095s (-6.3% 🟢) 14.028s (-2.9%) 0.933s 7 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 13.396s 14.025s 0.629s 7 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 13.914s 14.167s 0.253s 7 1.06x
💻 Local Express 14.757s (-11.1% 🟢) 15.028s (-11.8% 🟢) 0.271s 6 1.13x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 16.549s 17.035s 0.486s 6 1.26x
💻 Local Nitro 16.569s (-1.1%) 17.030s (~) 0.460s 6 1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 48.840s (~) 50.409s (-1.4%) 1.569s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 49.696s (+4.2%) 51.702s (+4.8%) 2.007s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 51.196s (+2.0%) 53.290s (+2.5%) 2.094s 2 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.208s (-4.6%) 2.011s (~) 0.804s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.218s (-3.6%) 2.011s (~) 0.793s 15 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.223s 2.012s 0.788s 15 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.296s 2.007s 0.711s 15 1.07x
💻 Local Express 1.455s (-5.0% 🟢) 2.006s (~) 0.551s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Nitro 1.514s (-0.8%) 2.005s (~) 0.491s 15 1.25x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.600s 2.006s 0.406s 15 1.33x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.760s (+4.7%) 4.380s (-2.4%) 1.620s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.217s (+36.9% 🔺) 5.035s (+20.5% 🔺) 1.819s 6 1.17x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.439s (+7.6% 🔺) 5.141s (+6.8% 🔺) 1.701s 6 1.25x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.309s (-1.0%) 3.009s (~) 0.700s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.408s 3.011s 0.603s 10 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.418s (+3.6%) 3.110s (+3.3%) 0.693s 10 1.05x
💻 Local Express 2.466s (-18.3% 🟢) 3.007s (-18.2% 🟢) 0.541s 10 1.07x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.543s 3.008s 0.465s 10 1.10x
💻 Local Nitro 2.857s (-2.2%) 3.007s (~) 0.150s 10 1.24x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 3.161s 4.011s 0.850s 8 1.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.423s (-21.7% 🟢) 4.060s (-7.0% 🟢) 1.637s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.770s (+3.9%) 4.378s (+0.9%) 1.607s 7 1.14x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.191s (+7.3% 🔺) 4.922s (+4.9%) 1.731s 7 1.32x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.409s (-1.1%) 4.014s (~) 0.605s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.420s (-1.5%) 4.011s (~) 0.591s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.693s 4.014s 0.321s 8 1.08x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 4.087s 5.011s 0.925s 6 1.20x
💻 Local Express 6.407s (-20.4% 🟢) 7.015s (-17.7% 🟢) 0.609s 5 1.88x
💻 Local Nitro 7.860s (-5.2% 🟢) 8.524s (-5.5% 🟢) 0.664s 4 2.31x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 8.380s 8.770s 0.390s 4 2.46x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.338s (~) 5.077s (+2.8%) 1.739s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.551s (+19.5% 🔺) 5.185s (+17.8% 🔺) 1.634s 6 1.06x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.689s (+12.2% 🔺) 5.292s (+9.9% 🔺) 1.603s 6 1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.201s (-4.1%) 2.010s (~) 0.809s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.210s (-4.1%) 2.009s (~) 0.798s 15 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.234s 2.010s 0.777s 15 1.03x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.291s 2.006s 0.715s 15 1.08x
💻 Local Express 1.450s (-5.6% 🟢) 2.005s (~) 0.556s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.536s 2.007s 0.471s 15 1.28x
💻 Local Nitro 1.560s (-1.3%) 2.006s (-3.2%) 0.447s 15 1.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.119s (~) 3.974s (-1.8%) 1.855s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.189s (-23.1% 🟢) 3.732s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.543s 9 1.03x
▲ Vercel Express 2.420s (+2.7%) 4.150s (-3.4%) 1.730s 8 1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.277s (-2.5%) 3.011s (~) 0.733s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.296s (-1.7%) 3.011s (~) 0.715s 10 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.403s 3.011s 0.608s 10 1.06x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.551s 3.008s 0.457s 10 1.12x
💻 Local Express 2.595s (-16.1% 🟢) 3.008s (-22.6% 🟢) 0.413s 10 1.14x
💻 Local Nitro 2.918s (-4.6%) 3.565s (-8.2% 🟢) 0.647s 9 1.28x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 3.053s 3.885s 0.832s 8 1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.578s (-6.0% 🟢) 4.289s (+4.2%) 1.711s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.619s (-17.8% 🟢) 4.161s (-14.9% 🟢) 1.542s 8 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.869s (+15.1% 🔺) 4.492s (+13.3% 🔺) 1.623s 8 1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.378s (-3.0%) 4.011s (~) 0.632s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.394s (-2.7%) 4.010s (~) 0.616s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.654s 4.013s 0.360s 8 1.08x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 4.043s 4.583s 0.539s 7 1.20x
💻 Local Express 7.269s (-15.8% 🟢) 8.015s (-11.2% 🟢) 0.746s 4 2.15x
💻 Local Nitro 8.571s (-4.4%) 9.021s (-5.3% 🟢) 0.450s 4 2.54x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 8.660s 9.023s 0.362s 4 2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.959s (-5.8% 🟢) 4.761s (+0.8%) 1.802s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.034s (+0.5%) 4.563s (-7.0% 🟢) 1.529s 7 1.03x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.618s (+2.6%) 5.012s (-8.4% 🟢) 1.394s 6 1.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.623s (-25.1% 🟢) 1.008s (~) 0.385s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.634s (-24.2% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.374s 60 1.02x
💻 Local Express 0.673s (-31.4% 🟢) 1.004s (-11.6% 🟢) 0.331s 60 1.08x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.699s 1.004s 0.306s 60 1.12x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.798s 1.042s 0.244s 58 1.28x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.916s 1.022s 0.106s 59 1.47x
💻 Local Nitro 0.980s (-1.0%) 1.115s (-9.2% 🟢) 0.136s 54 1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 8.390s (~) 10.107s (+3.5%) 1.717s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 8.467s (-3.3%) 10.304s (-2.9%) 1.838s 6 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 8.752s (+1.4%) 10.539s (+4.6%) 1.787s 6 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.495s (-23.8% 🟢) 2.008s (-11.1% 🟢) 0.513s 45 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.522s (-23.9% 🟢) 2.009s (-20.8% 🟢) 0.487s 45 1.02x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.652s 2.006s 0.354s 45 1.11x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.909s 2.101s 0.193s 43 1.28x
💻 Local Express 2.206s (-26.9% 🟢) 3.008s (-16.6% 🟢) 0.802s 30 1.48x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.873s 3.112s 0.239s 29 1.92x
💻 Local Nitro 3.006s (-1.3%) 3.469s (-2.2%) 0.464s 26 2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 25.784s (-1.1%) 27.644s (-0.9%) 1.860s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 25.871s (+1.4%) 27.860s (~) 1.988s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 27.344s (-0.5%) 28.907s (-1.4%) 1.563s 4 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.099s (-21.8% 🟢) 3.881s (-9.7% 🟢) 0.782s 31 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.117s (-22.1% 🟢) 3.946s (-14.7% 🟢) 0.829s 31 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 3.330s 4.008s 0.679s 30 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.910s 4.150s 0.240s 29 1.26x
💻 Local Express 7.201s (-21.3% 🟢) 7.889s (-19.4% 🟢) 0.688s 16 2.32x
💻 Local Nitro 9.158s (-1.2%) 9.941s (-0.8%) 0.783s 13 2.96x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 9.289s 9.943s 0.655s 13 3.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 66.189s (-8.6% 🟢) 68.354s (-8.4% 🟢) 2.164s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 68.617s (-6.0% 🟢) 70.463s (-5.9% 🟢) 1.846s 2 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 68.809s (-4.9%) 71.212s (-4.8%) 2.403s 2 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.233s (-16.8% 🟢) 1.009s (~) 0.776s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.234s (-14.9% 🟢) 1.008s (~) 0.774s 60 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.252s 1.008s 0.756s 60 1.08x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.316s 1.039s 0.723s 58 1.36x
💻 Local Express 0.550s (-3.5%) 1.004s (~) 0.454s 60 2.36x
💻 Local Nitro 0.575s (-4.3%) 1.004s (~) 0.430s 60 2.47x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.639s 1.022s 0.383s 59 2.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.589s (-12.0% 🟢) 3.287s (-2.8%) 1.698s 19 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.070s (+18.3% 🔺) 3.674s (+10.3% 🔺) 1.604s 17 1.30x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.212s (+18.6% 🔺) 3.720s (+7.1% 🔺) 1.508s 18 1.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.364s (-26.3% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.643s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.373s (-23.3% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.634s 90 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.487s 1.008s 0.521s 90 1.34x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.151s 2.006s 0.855s 45 3.16x
💻 Local Express 2.324s (-9.4% 🟢) 3.007s (~) 0.683s 30 6.38x
💻 Local Nitro 2.483s (-2.5%) 3.009s (~) 0.525s 30 6.82x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.676s 3.077s 0.400s 30 7.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.944s (-2.5%) 4.590s (-2.4%) 1.645s 20 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.052s (+3.3%) 4.851s (~) 1.799s 19 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.982s (+9.8% 🔺) 5.446s (+1.0%) 1.464s 17 1.35x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.591s (-22.6% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.417s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.594s (-24.1% 🟢) 1.008s (~) 0.414s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.769s 1.016s 0.247s 119 1.30x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.721s 3.032s 0.311s 40 4.61x
💻 Local Express 9.960s (-10.7% 🟢) 10.357s (-11.9% 🟢) 0.397s 12 16.86x
💻 Local Nitro 10.918s (-3.7%) 11.574s (-3.8%) 0.655s 11 18.48x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 11.027s 11.664s 0.638s 11 18.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 6.233s (-14.9% 🟢) 8.049s (-15.0% 🟢) 1.816s 15 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 6.527s (-2.6%) 8.365s (~) 1.838s 15 1.05x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 7.642s (+3.8%) 9.402s (+1.5%) 1.760s 13 1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.160s (-20.5% 🟢) 1.003s (~) 0.009s (-19.3% 🟢) 1.015s (~) 0.855s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.161s (-32.0% 🟢) 0.998s (~) 0.001s (-82.5% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.850s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.163s (-21.8% 🟢) 0.999s (~) 0.001s (-20.0% 🟢) 1.011s (~) 0.848s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.190s 1.002s 0.012s 1.019s 0.829s 10 1.18x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.193s 1.001s 0.002s 1.008s 0.815s 10 1.21x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.195s 1.001s 0.002s 1.012s 0.817s 10 1.22x
💻 Local Nitro 0.201s (-0.6%) 1.003s (~) 0.011s (-3.4%) 1.017s (~) 0.816s 10 1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 1.540s (+0.9%) 2.480s (-1.4%) 0.648s (-3.0%) 3.751s (-1.7%) 2.211s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.762s (+3.6%) 2.731s (+3.7%) 0.672s (-4.0%) 4.140s (+3.5%) 2.379s 10 1.14x
▲ Vercel Express 1.957s (+3.8%) 2.817s (-2.0%) 0.681s (+77.4% 🔺) 4.097s (+3.5%) 2.140s 10 1.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Redis 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.483s 1.000s 0.003s 1.010s 0.527s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.533s (-10.7% 🟢) 1.005s (~) 0.004s (+7.2% 🔺) 1.023s (~) 0.490s 59 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.534s (-11.5% 🟢) 1.005s (~) 0.010s (+149.4% 🔺) 1.029s (+0.6%) 0.494s 59 1.11x
💻 Local Express 0.566s (-21.4% 🟢) 1.009s (~) 0.008s (-6.4% 🟢) 1.022s (~) 0.455s 59 1.17x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.608s 1.009s 0.004s 1.023s 0.415s 59 1.26x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.703s 1.011s 0.010s 1.026s 0.323s 59 1.45x
💻 Local Nitro 0.723s (~) 1.010s (~) 0.009s (~) 1.022s (~) 0.299s 59 1.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.958s (-10.4% 🟢) 5.041s (-13.6% 🟢) 0.308s (+76.2% 🔺) 5.973s (-11.1% 🟢) 2.015s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 4.200s (~) 5.328s (-1.1%) 0.184s (+7.8% 🔺) 6.140s (-2.3%) 1.939s 10 1.06x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.210s (-92.1% 🟢) 5.423s (-90.1% 🟢) 0.416s (+55.9% 🔺) 6.458s (-88.3% 🟢) 2.248s 10 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Redis 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.905s 1.017s 0.000s 1.021s 0.117s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.923s (-4.6%) 1.107s (-12.7% 🟢) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 1.118s (-13.1% 🟢) 0.195s 55 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.927s 1.091s 0.000s 1.100s 0.173s 55 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.963s (+1.0%) 1.090s (-1.2%) 0.000s (~) 1.103s (-1.3%) 0.139s 55 1.06x
💻 Local Express 1.143s (-9.0% 🟢) 2.018s (~) 0.000s (+22.2% 🔺) 2.021s (~) 0.878s 30 1.26x
💻 Local Nitro 1.229s (-0.5%) 2.021s (~) 0.000s (-18.7% 🟢) 2.023s (~) 0.794s 30 1.36x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.365s 2.020s 0.000s 2.023s 0.658s 30 1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.798s (~) 3.594s (-3.7%) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 4.252s (-1.3%) 1.454s 15 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.832s (+1.6%) 3.896s (+10.6% 🔺) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 4.520s (+6.7% 🔺) 1.688s 14 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.097s (+5.7% 🔺) 4.231s (+9.4% 🔺) 0.000s (-46.2% 🟢) 4.803s (+4.5%) 1.706s 13 1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.647s (-13.2% 🟢) 2.069s (-11.7% 🟢) 0.000s (-55.2% 🟢) 2.079s (-11.8% 🟢) 0.432s 29 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.658s 2.035s 0.000s 2.040s 0.382s 30 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.694s (-2.2%) 2.069s (-1.5%) 0.000s (-50.0% 🟢) 2.085s (-1.3%) 0.392s 29 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.854s 2.181s 0.000s 2.188s 0.334s 28 1.13x
💻 Local Express 3.478s (-3.6%) 4.030s (-1.7%) 0.001s (-10.0% 🟢) 4.034s (-1.7%) 0.556s 15 2.11x
💻 Local Nitro 3.544s (+2.5%) 4.167s (+3.3%) 0.001s (+12.5% 🔺) 4.170s (+3.3%) 0.626s 15 2.15x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 4.043s 4.648s 0.001s 4.653s 0.610s 13 2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.331s (-32.7% 🟢) 4.569s (-27.9% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 5.142s (-25.7% 🟢) 1.812s 12 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.770s (-15.6% 🟢) 5.076s (-9.1% 🟢) 0.000s (-72.0% 🟢) 5.737s (-7.6% 🟢) 1.967s 11 1.13x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.779s (-24.5% 🟢) 4.799s (-19.8% 🟢) 0.000s (+200.0% 🔺) 5.390s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.611s 12 1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Express 21/21
🐘 Postgres Express 11/21
▲ Vercel Express 11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 16/21
Next.js (Turbopack) 🌐 Redis 11/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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TooTallNate commented Apr 6, 2026

Addressing the remaining review comments:

cause not serialized for DOMException (line 748): Fixed. The DOMException reducer now serializes cause when present ('cause' in value check), and the reviver sets it manually since DOMException's constructor doesn't accept a cause option. Added tests for both cause-present and cause-absent cases.

constructor name string check (line 745): Acknowledged — this is the same cross-VM safety pattern used for all Error subclass reducers. A custom class named "DOMException" that also passes types.isNativeError() is extremely unlikely in practice.

This was referenced Apr 6, 2026
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@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious VaguelySerious approved these changes

@ijjk ijjk Awaiting requested review from ijjk

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