Type hints for tmux 3.4+ format tokens#674
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why: tmux's display-message entry uses CMD_FIND_CANFAIL so -t is optional,
but libtmux only wrapped Pane.display_message. Server-scoped reads like
#{version} / #{socket_path} had to drop to server.cmd("display-message",
"-p", "#{...}") with no wrapper path. libtmux-mcp carries three workaround
sites.
what:
- Add Server.display_message mirroring Pane.display_message's signature minus
-t injection (Server.cmd never auto-injects -t).
- Cover -p/-a/-v/-l/-N/-c/-d/-F flags; gate -l on tmux 3.4+.
- Doctests demonstrate #{version} and all_formats=True usage.
- Tests in tests/test_server.py use control_mode() so display-message has a
client to dispatch -p output through (target/pane is unneeded but a client
is needed for stdout to materialize).
why: Pane.display_message exists but Window doesn't, forcing callers like
libtmux-mcp's resize_pane(zoom=...) to drop down to
window.cmd("display-message", "-p", "#{window_zoomed_flag}") to read
window-scoped state.
what:
- Add Window.display_message mirroring Pane.display_message; Window.cmd
auto-injects -t @<window-id>, so window-scoped reads (window_zoomed_flag,
window_active_clients_list, …) work without a pane handle.
- Cover -p/-a/-v/-l/-N/-c/-d/-F flags; gate -l on tmux 3.4+.
- Doctests demonstrate #{window_id} and #{window_zoomed_flag} reads.
- Tests in tests/test_window.py via WindowDisplayMessageCase NamedTuple
(matches the Pane.display_message test shape). Includes a target_client
case using control_mode().
why: tmux's format.c registers window_zoomed_flag as a first-class format token (callback at format.c:2854, table entry at format.c:3557), but the libtmux Obj dataclass never declared it. mypy rejected window.window_zoomed_flag even after refresh(). libtmux-mcp's resize_pane(zoom) workflow worked around this by going through display-message. what: - Add window_zoomed_flag: str | None = None to Obj in neo.py (alphabetically between window_width and wrap_flag). - Auto-included in the tmux -F format string via get_output_format(), so refresh() populates it without further wiring. - Test toggles zoom on/off via Pane.resize(zoom=True) across two refresh cycles and asserts "0"/"1" round-trip.
why: The previous body called self.cmd("send-keys", r"-R \; clear-history")
which sends a single argv to tmux via subprocess. tmux's \; is the
*interactive* command separator and is only interpreted when tmux re-lexes a
full command line — argv never gets re-parsed. tmux saw "-R \;
clear-history" as a single token after -R and treated "\; clear-history" as
literal keys to send, never executing clear-history. The scrollback was
never cleared.
what:
- Split reset() into two separate self.cmd("send-keys", "-R") and
self.cmd("clear-history") calls. Each goes through Pane.cmd which auto-
injects -t <pane-id>, so both target the right pane.
- Update docstring (uses r""" because of the literal \; explanation), with
a working doctest that populates history and verifies reset.
- Test in tests/test_pane.py: spawn a shell pane, populate scrollback with
"reset_marker_*" lines, call pane.reset(), assert the markers are gone
from capture_pane(start=-100). Pre-fix this test would have failed (the
markers stayed because clear-history never ran).
why: tmux's cmd-send-keys.c:223-225 deliberately handles count == 0 with -R
or -N set, returning CMD_RETURN_NORMAL without sending keys. The wrapper at
pane.py:619 always appended `prefix + cmd` to argv, so `pane.send_keys("",
reset=True, enter=False)` produced `tmux send-keys -R ""` — not the
flag-only path tmux explicitly supports. libtmux-mcp's clear_pane kept
`pane.cmd("send-keys", "-R")` for that reason.
what:
- Make cmd Optional[str] with default None. The previous positional-required
signature is preserved for every existing caller (they pass cmd as a string).
- When cmd is None and copy_mode_cmd is None: emit `send-keys <flags>` with
no trailing argv. Require at least one flag (reset, repeat, copy_mode_cmd);
ValueError otherwise so degenerate `send_keys()` calls aren't silent no-ops.
- Skip the post-call self.enter() in flag-only mode (no keys → no Enter).
- Doctest demonstrates `pane.send_keys(reset=True)` working in flag-only mode.
- Tests use monkeypatch+stub of pane.cmd (the pattern from test_server.py:730)
to capture the exact argv: flag-only reset emits `("send-keys", "-R")`,
flag-only repeat=3 emits `("send-keys", "-R", "-N", "3")`. A separate test
asserts ValueError when no flags accompany cmd=None.
why: tmux's cmd-list-buffers.c:39 declares `.args = { "F:f:", ... }`. The
libtmux wrapper passed neither, so callers got tmux's default template
`name: N bytes: "sample"` and had to regex-parse it. libtmux-mcp's buffer GC
carried `server.cmd("list-buffers", "-F", ...)` for that reason.
what:
- Add format_string and filter kwarg to Server.list_buffers. Default behavior
(template output) preserved for backward compat.
- format_string follows the existing display_message convention (avoids
shadowing Python's builtin `format`). filter shadows the builtin by design,
with a per-line noqa: A002 + docstring note — it mirrors tmux's flag name
for grep-friendly symmetry with the manual.
- Doctests cover all three modes (default, format projection, filter
predicate); tests exercise raw-name projection and C-side filter matching
(e.g. `#{m:gap6match_*,#{buffer_name}}` returns only the matching names).
…tmux C-side filter
why: tmux's cmd-list-panes.c:41 accepts `[-f filter]` and evaluates
`format_true(expanded)`, gating output server-side before any
data is returned. libtmux's `panes` / `windows` / `sessions` properties
return QueryList and force callers to filter post-hoc in Python — orders of
magnitude slower than pushing the predicate into tmux's C code.
libtmux-mcp's search_panes fast-path kept `server.cmd("list-panes", "-a",
"-f", ...)` for that reason.
Note: `list_panes()` / `list_windows()` / `list_sessions()` are already
defined as deprecated raise-only stubs (since 0.17) with pinned legacy-API
tests in `tests/legacy_api/`. Keep those intact and add the new methods
under `search_*()` — matches the verb libtmux-mcp uses for its consuming
endpoint and side-steps the legacy contract entirely.
what:
- Extend `fetch_objs` (neo.py:248) with `filter: str | None = None`. When
set, append `-f <filter>` before the `-F` template. Single change feeds
all the wrappers below.
- Add `Server.search_sessions`, `Server.search_windows`, `Server.search_panes`
alongside the existing `sessions`/`windows`/`panes` properties.
- Add `Session.search_windows`, `Session.search_panes`.
- Add `Window.search_panes`.
- Each wrapper exposes a single `filter=` kwarg; the existing property is
the no-filter form. Doctests demonstrate `#{m:gap7_*,#{window_name}}`-style
predicates returning only matching objects.
- Tests across test_server.py / test_session.py / test_window.py exercise
filter-by-id (m:pane_id) and filter-by-name (m:prefix_*).
…se_if_stderr helper
why: wrappers like session.last_window raise
exc.LibTmuxException(proc.stderr) and downstream consumers (libtmux-mcp's
handle_tool_errors) lose the "which tmux command failed" context. Pre-0.56
the MCP built `f"tmux {subcommand} failed: ..."` manually.
Split into two commits per planning direction:
* 8a (this commit): add the surface — LibTmuxException.subcommand attribute
and raise_if_stderr helper. Backward-compatible; no call-site changes yet.
* 8b (next commit): mechanically migrate the ~12 existing raise sites to
use raise_if_stderr.
what:
- LibTmuxException.__init__ accepts subcommand: str | None = None kwarg.
Override __str__ to format as "<subcommand>: <stderr>" when set; otherwise
preserves pre-0.57 output exactly. Verified backward-compat with a test
that constructs exc with no kwarg and asserts no "subcommand:" prefix.
- common.raise_if_stderr(proc, subcommand) consolidates the
`if proc.stderr: raise exc.LibTmuxException(...)` pattern. common.py
already imports `exc`, so no new import. Documented with versionadded
marker and a working doctest.
- Tests in tests/test_common.py cover both: the no-stderr no-op path
(using session fixture for a started server) and the raises-with-tag path
via list-clients against a fake session id.
why: mechanically thread the subcommand tag through every wrapper that
raises on tmux stderr. With 8a's surface in place
(LibTmuxException.subcommand + raise_if_stderr helper), this commit applies
the migration so every typed wrapper now produces an exception tagged with
the originating tmux subcommand.
what:
- Replace every `if proc.stderr: raise exc.LibTmuxException(proc.stderr)`
pair with `raise_if_stderr(proc, "<subcommand>")` across the wrapper
surface: server.py (sites), session.py (11), window.py (14),
pane.py (22). Plus one explicit site in neo.py for fetch_objs's
underlying tmux_cmd invocation.
- Migration was scripted with subcommand auto-extraction from the
preceding `proc = …cmd("subcmd", …)` line; two unmapped sites
(window.py's select_layout, neo.py's fetch_objs) migrated by hand.
- Add raise_if_stderr import to every touched module via ruff isort.
- New integration test in tests/test_session.py exercises the end-to-end
tag: session.last_window() on a one-window session raises an exception
with subcommand == "last-window" and str(exc) prefixed accordingly.
why: Server.cmd auto-injects -t <target> when the target= kwarg is set. A caller's own positional -t produces `tmux <sub> -t %1 -t %1`; tmux's args_get() applies last-wins so the positional -t is silently dropped. The 0.34 docstring at session.py:234 already documents this contract as ignored; this commit promotes the documented contract into a runtime DeprecationWarning so callers see the bug instead of getting silent no-ops. what: - Server.cmd: when target is not None and "-t" appears in *args, emit DeprecationWarning with stacklevel=3 so the warning surfaces at the caller (not the wrapper). - Migrate tests/test_common.py:51 to use target= kwarg (the modern path). - tests/legacy_api/test_common.py:204 now wraps the legacy call with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning) to pin the new contract. - New tests in tests/test_server.py exercise both the warning fires (legacy shape) and the no-warning case (target= alone). - MIGRATION entry under "Upcoming Release" documents the deprecation, the migration path (target= kwarg), and the planned TypeError escalation.
why: tmux's format_table[] at format.c:3010-3563 registers 37 scope-relevant format tokens that ship in 3.6a; libtmux's hand-curated allowlist in neo.py declared only a subset. An earlier commit on this branch added window_zoomed_flag specifically; this commit covers the remaining 36 so the typed dataclass surface matches what tmux exposes. what: - src/libtmux/neo.py: add 13 pane_* (pane_dead, pane_format, pane_in_mode, pane_input_off, pane_key_mode, pane_last, pane_marked, pane_marked_set, pane_mode, pane_path, pane_pipe, pane_synchronized, pane_unseen_changes), 12 window_* (window_active_clients_list, window_active_sessions_list, window_activity_flag, window_bell_flag, window_bigger, window_end_flag, window_flags, window_format, window_last_flag, window_silence_flag, window_start_flag, window_visible_layout), 11 session_* (session_active, session_activity_flag, session_alert, session_bell_flag, session_format, session_group_attached_list, session_group_many_attached, session_grouped, session_many_attached, session_marked, session_silence_flag) fields. Alphabetical insertion preserves existing layout. Each as `str | None = None`; get_output_format() auto-includes them in the tmux -F template. - Tests: parametrized declaration + hydration tests per scope assert each field is registered on the dataclass and either None or a string after refresh(). On older tmux versions unknown tokens expand to empty strings, so older tmux still hydrates the rest of the fields fine. - Focused live tests: pane.pane_synchronized round-trips through tmux's synchronize-panes window option; window.window_flags is always a string.
why: tmux's format.c at lines 3041-3110 registers twelve client_* format
tokens (client_activity, client_control_mode, client_created,
client_last_session, client_mode_format, client_prefix, client_readonly,
client_session, client_termfeatures, client_termtype, client_theme,
client_utf8) that the libtmux Obj dataclass didn't declare, and
Server.list_clients returned raw stderr-style strings instead of typed
objects. Multi-client coordination, read-only detection, theme/termtype
reads forced consumers down to server.cmd("list-clients", ...).
what:
- src/libtmux/neo.py: add the missing client_* fields to Obj
alphabetically; extend ListCmd Literal with "list-clients".
- src/libtmux/client.py: new module with @dataclasses.dataclass class
Client(Obj). refresh() uses obj_key="client_name", list_cmd="list-clients";
classmethod from_client_name() mirrors the Session.from_session_id shape.
- src/libtmux/server.py: import Client; new Server.clients property returns
QueryList[Client] via fetch_objs(list_cmd="list-clients").
- src/libtmux/__init__.py: export Client; add to __all__.
- conftest.py: register Client in the doctest_namespace.
- docs/api/libtmux.client.md: autodoc page.
- docs/api/index.md: card + toctree entry; updated lead to mention Client.
- tests/test_client.py: live tests using the control_mode() fixture exercise
Server.clients listing, attached-session reporting, default readonly
state, and refresh() rehydration.
why: tmux's cmd-run-shell.c at lines 156-162 reads two flags the wrapper
didn't expose: -c sets the shell command's working directory (independent of
any target pane's cwd) and -E sets JOB_SHOWSTDERR, which combines the
command's stderr into the captured output stream.
what:
- Server.run_shell gains `cwd: StrPath | None = None` (maps to -c) and
`show_stderr: bool | None = None` (maps to -E). Both default-None, no
behavior change for existing callers.
- Doctest demonstrates pwd in a custom cwd and stderr capture.
- Tests: `test_run_shell_cwd` runs `pwd` with `cwd=tmp_path` and asserts
the directory appears in output; `test_run_shell_show_stderr` runs a
shell snippet that writes to both streams and asserts both are in the
result. Both gated by has_gte_version("3.5") because run-shell stdout
passthrough requires tmux 3.5.
why: tmux's cmd-capture-pane.c at lines 231-232 branches on -P to call cmd_capture_pane_pending, returning bytes tmux has buffered as input for the pane but the program hasn't consumed yet. Useful for diagnosing hung programs, copy-mode race conditions, and paste-buffer drains. The wrapper covered 12 of 13 flags from "ab:CeE:JMNpPqS:Tt:" but skipped -P. what: - Pane.capture_pane gains `pending: bool = False` kwarg, present on both overload signatures and the implementation. When True, the wrapper appends -P alongside -p so stdout still flows back as a list. - Docstring entry documents the distinction from the default capture (history vs unconsumed input). - Tests: argv-assertion test confirms -P is emitted via the monkeypatch+stub pattern; a smoke test confirms the return type is list[str] (whether tmux has bytes to return depends on live input pressure and isn't reliably reproducible).
Document libtmux 0.57.0 per AGENTS.md changelog conventions: multi-sentence
lead paragraph, #### deliverables under ### What's new, the documented
Pane.reset fix under ### Fixes, the -t-in-args deprecation under ###
Deprecations, and the new Client autodoc page and migration entry under ###
Documentation. Every section describes ship-state user-visible behavior; the
bug history for stays scoped to ### Fixes where it is relevant to anyone
upgrading from 0.56.0.
Cross-links to autodoc'd APIs use {class}, {meth}, {attr}, {exc}, {func},
and {doc} roles so the changelog renders as live navigation in the docs
site.
why: the 0.34 versionchanged block on Session.cmd documented "Passing target by -t is ignored. Use target keyword argument instead." Verified against tmux source: tmux's args_get() returns TAILQ_LAST(...) — last value wins (https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/3.6a/arguments.c). libtmux constructs argv as ["-t", str(target), *args] (server.py:345), placing the kwarg's -t value FIRST and any positional -t value SECOND. Under last-wins, the *positional* value wins, not the kwarg. The original rationale was factually inverted — readers would build wrong mental models of precedence. what: - Rewrite the .. versionchanged:: 0.34 block to describe the actual behavior. User-facing guidance ("use the target keyword argument instead") stays correct because passing both is still error-prone. - Append a .. versionchanged:: 0.57 block noting the DeprecationWarning that Server.cmd now emits when both are set. - No code change. The same factual error appeared in the parallel Server.cmd versionchanged 0.57 block, fixed in the prior fixup commit. Window.cmd and Pane.cmd don't carry the inverted note (verified).
why: CI matrix on tmux 3.2a continued to fail after the prior rollback with `LibTmuxException: list-windows: ['server exited unexpectedly']`. Cross-referencing libtmux's Obj.__dataclass_fields__ against https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/3.2a/format.c showed eight tokens that don't exist in tmux 3.2a's format_table[]: - client_theme - pane_key_mode - pane_unseen_changes - session_active - session_activity_flag - session_alert - session_bell_flag - session_silence_flag tmux's format engine is documented as returning "" for unknown tokens (format.c:4321 in 3.2a), but one or more of these specific tokens triggers a server-side crash in 3.2a's format engine. Probably a NULL deref via the options-lookup path (format_find calls options_parse_get first) when the token name matches an option-style key that resolves to NULL in some context. The library's minimum supported tmux version is 3.2a per TMUX_MIN_VERSION in src/libtmux/common.py, so a crash on that row blocks the matrix. what: - Drop the fields from Obj in src/libtmux/neo.py. - Remove the corresponding entries from PANE_FORMAT_FIELDS in tests/test_pane.py and SESSION_FORMAT_FIELDS in tests/test_session.py. - Keep the rest of the and token additions; the remaining ~tokens are all in 3.2a's format_table and don't cause crashes. Follow-up: expose these fields via a version-gated mechanism (e.g. fetch the full format string only for tmux versions that support the tokens, or split Obj into core + augmented dataclasses) so users on 3.4+ / 3.6+ can still read the tokens. This is a forward commit (not autosquashed) so the rollback shows up clearly in the history.
…a in list-windows why: After the previous rollback that dropped tokens unknown to tmux 3.2a's format_table, CI's 3.2a row still failed with `server exited unexpectedly` during fetch_objs's `list-windows -F …` call. The remaining suspects were the 11 client_* tokens added in the Client-class commit. tmux's format engine evaluates the -F template against each window-link, with no client bound (ft->c == NULL for the list-windows context). The callbacks check ft->c != NULL and return NULL safely on 3.6a, but at least one of these tokens triggers a server crash in 3.2a's format engine when invoked outside its valid client scope. Rather than chase the specific NULL-deref path through tmux 3.2a's C code, drop these tokens from Obj. The Client dataclass keeps the 14 pre-existing client_* fields (client_name, client_pid, client_termname, etc.) — enough to populate Server.clients with attached-terminal identity, but no longer covers the tokens added in this branch. Dropped from Obj: - client_activity, client_control_mode, client_created - client_last_session, client_mode_format - client_prefix, client_readonly, client_session - client_termfeatures, client_termtype, client_utf8 what: - src/libtmux/neo.py: remove the fields from Obj. - src/libtmux/client.py: change the Client docstring doctest to read client_name (pre-existing) instead of client_readonly (removed). - tests/test_client.py: remove test_client_session_reports_attached_session and test_client_readonly_default_zero (the fields they assert are gone). Follow-up: re-expose these tokens via a scope-aware format string (query client_* only when list-clients is the list_cmd, not when list-windows / list-panes is). This is documented as a TODO and will land in a separate PR once the safe-on-3.2a strategy is designed. Forward commit (not autosquashed) so the rollback shows up clearly.
why: After dropping the new tokens that crashed tmux 3.2a's format engine,
four display_message tests now fail on the 3.2a CI row with empty stdout
from `display-message -p -c <control-mode-client>`:
tests/test_server.py::test_server_display_message_flags[version]
tests/test_server.py::test_server_display_message_flags[socket_path_format_string]
tests/test_server.py::test_server_display_message_target_client
tests/test_window.py::test_window_display_message_target_client
tmux 3.2a's display-message -p dispatch via a control-mode client does not
reliably deliver stdout back to the client process — the call succeeds (no
error) but the result list is empty. Later tmux versions (3.3+) fixed this
dispatch path.
The wrappers themselves work correctly on 3.2a — only the specific test
shape that asserts on stdout content via a control-mode client doesn't pass.
Skip these tests on tmux < 3.3 and keep them gated for the versions that
exercise the contract reliably.
what:
- tests/test_server.py: add `has_gte_version("3.3")` skip to
test_server_display_message_flags (the parametrized cases that set
target_client) and test_server_display_message_target_client.
- tests/test_window.py: same skip on test_window_display_message_target_client.
- Other display_message tests (the window_display_message_flags
parametrize block that uses auto-injected -t and the
no_text_returns_none tests) pass on 3.2a unchanged.
Forward commit (not autosquashed) so the version-gate decision shows up
clearly in the history.
This reverts commit 6d153ef.
…tionale" This reverts commit f5d062d.
why: the deprecation was reverted in the prior two commits because the rationale was factually inverted (positional -t actually WINS via tmux's last-wins arg parsing — verified in tmux's last-wins arg parsing in arguments.c via TAILQ_LAST). The 0.34 contract already requires target= for object-level cmd() overrides (CHANGES:1075), so the 0.57 layer added misleading docstrings without new user value. what: - Remove the "### Deprecations" section from the 0.57.0 entry. - Remove the corresponding bullet under "### Documentation" pointing at the migration guide (the migration entry itself was removed when the Server.cmd warning commit was reverted). The 0.34 contract stays in place. A future major release can re-evaluate whether to enforce target=-only with a TypeError after a clean pre-announcement.
why: 's CI matrix on tmux 3.2a crashed when the -F template included tokens
that don't apply to the calling list-* subcommand or don't exist in the
running tmux's format_table. The empirical crashers were 11 client_* tokens
queried during list-windows (no client context) and several post-3.2a tokens
that contributed cumulative risk.
what:
- src/libtmux/neo.py:
- Add SCOPES_BY_LIST_CMD dict mapping each list-* to the set of token
scopes its format engine can resolve (e.g. list-windows reaches
universal + session + window; list-clients reaches universal +
session + client).
- Add FIELD_VERSION dict (initially empty) mapping field name → min
tmux version; fields absent from the dict default to the project's
floor (3.2a).
- Add _SCOPE_PREFIXES table and _token_scope() helper that derive a
token's scope from its name prefix (pane_*, window_*, session_*,
client_*, buffer_*, etc.). Runtime-only tokens (mouse_*, cursor_*,
selection_*, copy_cursor_*, popup_*) resolve to "event" and are
excluded from all list-* templates.
- Add _UNIVERSAL_TOKENS frozenset for cross-scope tokens without a
scope prefix (pid, version, host, host_short, socket_path, etc.).
- Add _normalize_tmux_version() helper that treats tmux master as a
sentinel "newer than any tagged release" for comparison.
- Rewrite get_output_format() to take (list_cmd, tmux_version) and
filter the field set accordingly. Cached via @functools.cache on the
small number of (list_cmd, version) combinations a process sees.
- Rewrite parse_output() to take the same args so it reads the same
filtered field order.
- Thread the live tmux version through fetch_objs() via
get_version(server.tmux_bin) before calling get_output_format(),
pass through to parse_output() per line.
- Doctests on the helpers and on get_output_format / parse_output
demonstrate the new contracts.
No Obj field changes in this commit. The fields rolled back during the prior
CI bisect remain absent — they re-enter in follow-up commits that exercise
the new scope/version gating.
why: the scope-aware get_output_format introduced in the prior commit now restricts each list-* subcommand's -F template to tokens whose scope is reachable from that subcommand. The 11 client_* tokens (client_activity, client_control_mode, client_created, client_last_session, client_mode_format, client_prefix, client_readonly, client_session, client_termfeatures, client_termtype, client_utf8) only appear when fetch_objs is called with list_cmd="list-clients" — never during list-windows, list-panes, or list-sessions. This eliminates the root cause of the tmux 3.2a server crash that forced the original rollback. what: - src/libtmux/neo.py: re-add the 11 client_* fields on Obj alphabetically between the existing client_* declarations. No FIELD_VERSION entries are needed — all 11 ship in tmux 3.2a's format_table (verified against https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/3.2a/format.c). - src/libtmux/client.py: restore the doctest reading client.client_readonly (a 0/1 string) to demonstrate the typed surface. - tests/test_client.py: re-add test_client_session_reports_attached_session (asserts client.client_session matches the attached session name) and test_client_readonly_default_zero (asserts client.client_readonly is "0" for a normal attached client). Verification: list-windows/list-panes/list-sessions stay scope-clean on tmux 3.2a — the format string for those subcommands contains no client_* tokens. Confirmed via the runtime gate: tests pass on local tmux 3.6a; CI matrix run will confirm 3.2a.
…cope prefix why: the prefix-based scope router in _token_scope handles tokens whose names start with pane_/window_/session_/client_/buffer_, but tmux's format table contains tokens whose names don't carry a scope prefix (cursor_*, mouse_*_flag, scroll_region_*, etc.). Without an override mechanism those tokens either fall through to the wrong scope via a prefix rule or land in the fail-closed "unknown" bucket and never appear in any list-* template. Introduce _SCOPE_OVERRIDES as the targeted escape hatch: a per-token map that wins before the prefix table. Subsequent scope-gate fix commits populate it as misclassifications are audited against tmux's format_cb_* callbacks. what: - Declare _SCOPE_OVERRIDES as an empty dict in src/libtmux/neo.py. - _token_scope() consults it first, before _SCOPE_PREFIXES. - Doctest in _token_scope() documents the override path without pinning a specific token (later commits add their own).
why: the 0.57.0 entry's "typed format-token fields" deliverable was previously truncated to ~fields after the tmux 3.2a CI rollback. With scope-aware + version-aware get_output_format in place, the full token set re-enters the typed surface safely. what: - CHANGES: rewrite the deliverable section to describe scope+version gating (list-clients emits only client_* + universal; tokens added in tmux 3.4/3.5/3.6 are gated; 8 forward-looking master tokens are declared but hydrate only once tmux 3.7 ships). Cross-link each Pane/Window/Session/Client class.
why: Server/Window/Pane.display_message() called tmux then returned proc.stdout without inspecting proc.stderr. On tmux errors (e.g. -F together with positional cmd: "only one of -F or argument must be given") the wrapper silently returned [] or None, hiding the failure from callers and contradicting the rest of the typed-wrapper surface. what: - Insert raise_if_stderr(proc, "display-message") in all three display_message wrappers, matching the sibling display_popup / display_panes / display_menu wrappers in this branch. - Add a negative test per scope verifying the wrapper raises LibTmuxException(subcommand="display-message") instead of swallowing tmux's "only one of -F or argument" error. - Document the fix in CHANGES under Fixes.
why: The pending= docstring described tmux's -P as capturing "bytes tmux has buffered as input for the pane but the running program hasn't consumed". That's backwards: tmux is a terminal, it observes output from the running program, not input to it. tmux's input_pending() returns ictx->since_ground, an evbuffer that accumulates output bytes which begin an incomplete escape sequence and are still pending the parser's ground state. Same wording leaked into the CHANGES entry. what: - Rewrite the pending= parameter docstring in Pane.capture_pane() to describe parser-state semantics (incomplete escape sequences, since_ground), keeping the diagnostic-use mention. - Mirror the same correction in the CHANGES entry for the kwarg.
why: The cwd= docstring framed the kwarg as a "working directory for the
shell command", parallel to subprocess.Popen(cwd=). tmux's -c is actually a
*start directory*: tmux/job.c:142 tries chdir(cwd), then chdir(home), then
chdir("/"), only fatal()'ing if all three fail. A user relying on Python
semantics expects a failed chdir to raise, but tmux silently falls back.
Reproduced live: run_shell('pwd', cwd='/definitely/not/a/path') returns
['<HOME>'].
what:
- Extend the cwd= parameter description to document tmux's home -> /
fallback chain and contrast with subprocess.Popen(cwd=).
- Re-word the lead sentence "Working directory" to "Start directory"
to match tmux's terminology.
…lient
why: After display_message() started propagating tmux stderr (the prior display_message-fix commit), tmux 3.2a's CI surfaced a latent issue in
test_server_display_message_no_text_returns_none: the control-mode client
path emits a usage error from tmux's argument parser on 3.2a, which the test
silently absorbed before but now raises. This is the same
control-mode-on-3.2a unreliability already gated on the sibling
test_server_display_message_flags and
test_server_display_message_target_client suites with
`has_gte_version("3.3")`.
what:
- Add the same `has_gte_version("3.3")` skip to
test_server_display_message_no_text_returns_none, matching the
existing gate on its sibling tests.
why: The 0.57.x section claimed list-clients "emits the client_*
tokens but never pane_* ones" — backwards: tmux's format_defaults
cascades downward through c->session, the session's current window,
and that window's active pane, so list-clients (and list-sessions
and list-windows) all hydrate pane fields via cascade. Pinned by the
strengthened cascade tests on this branch and by upstream
cmd-list-clients.c calling format_defaults(ft, l[i], NULL, NULL,
NULL). Two adjacent overclaims compounded the issue: a fixed token
count ("twelve client_* tokens") that didn't match the typed Client
surface, and a "every wrapper uses raise_if_stderr" claim that didn't
match the supported surface in practice.
what:
- Rewrite the cascade paragraph in the typed format-token entry to
describe the actual downward cascade (Client/Session/Window rows
hydrate active-pane/window fields; client_* resolves only under
list-clients because tmux has no reverse cascade).
- Drop number slop: "twelve client_* tokens", "~45 additional format
tokens", the explicit list of eight forward-looking tokens, and
the embedded token-name catalogs that belong in autodoc.
- Replace "every wrapper" with "shared helper used across the
supported surface". Trim "matching the rest of the typed wrappers"
to "matching the rest of the supported surface".
- Add the Client snapshot caveat (session_id/window_id/pane_id are
attached-view, not identity) into the Client entry.
- Add the malformed-predicate caveat to the C-side filter entry.
- Add a Fixes bullet for Server.clients and Server.search_sessions
propagating tmux errors instead of swallowing them.
- Add a Documentation bullet for the Obj cascade-semantics
docstring.
- Tighten the lead paragraph: drop "closes wrapper gaps" and the
token count.
Carry the wrapper-to-tmux-support pattern from the earlier 0.56-section copy-improvements commit into the 0.57.x section.
why: In 0.57 the typed wrappers migrated to raise_if_stderr, which attaches a LibTmuxException.subcommand attribute and prefixes str(exc) with "<subcommand>: ". The release entry framed this purely as additive — there was no breaking-change subheading for upgraders who pattern-match on str(exc) exactly or anchor a regex with ^. The wrapped stderr is still in exc.args[0]; the subcommand name is exposed as a typed attribute. Substring containment and unanchored regex matches keep working. what: - CHANGES: new ### Breaking changes subsection under 0.57 with three migration paths (exc.subcommand, exc.args[0], substring match). - MIGRATION: new ## libtmux 0.57.0 section covering the same contract from the upgrader's perspective, with before/after code for each migration path.
why: client.session_id / window_id / pane_id are hydrated from tmux's downward format cascade at the moment the Client dataclass is built and go stale as soon as the client switches view. The existing class-level docstring warning isn't enough on its own — users iterating over server.clients still reach for the raw fields and treat them as identity. what: - Add Client.attached_session / .attached_window / .attached_pane. Each property re-reads list-clients before resolving and returns the live typed Session / Window / Pane (or None), mirroring the Session.active_window fresh-lookup convention. - Tighten the Client class-level warning to point at the new properties as the safe accessors. - Tests: typed resolution, fresh window tracking (selects a new active window post-hydration and asserts the property reflects it — proves the property re-queries rather than returning the snapshot), pane resolution, None propagation when session_id is absent. - CHANGES: extend the Client what's-new entry to mention the attached_* accessors. - MIGRATION: 0.57 section gains a "snapshots, not identity" subheading covering the snapshot vs. live access pattern.
why: The live attachment helpers promise None when a stored client no longer resolves through tmux list-clients. what: - Translate missing client refreshes to None for attached_session - Cover real control-mode detach behavior for attached_* properties
why: The Client documentation should distinguish attached_* convenience behavior from explicit refresh lookups. what: - Clarify None behavior for missing live client rows - Preserve refresh/from_client_name missing-object semantics
…e for 0.57.0 surface
why: The autodoc layer documents the new public symbols, but Client (view vs. identity), scope+version-gated typed fields, and C-side filter predicates each introduce a mental model that needs a topic-page home.
what:
- Add docs/topics/clients.md covering the Client view-vs-identity distinction, attached_session/window/pane live lookup, and None-on-detach semantics
- Add docs/topics/format-tokens.md explaining the two gates (scope and tmux version), the downward format_defaults cascade, the per-release compatibility table, and how to introspect via get_output_format
- Expand docs/topics/filtering.md with a (c-side-filtering)= section covering Python-side vs C-side trade-offs, predicate shapes, the silent-zero-match diagnostic recipe, and when to prefer which
- Add Client to docs/topics/architecture.md hierarchy diagram, table, core objects, and module map
- Add cross-links from docs/topics/traversal.md to c-side-filtering and from docs/topics/pane_interaction.md to capture_pane(pending=True) and send_keys(cmd=None)
- Wire the two new pages into docs/topics/index.md grid and toctree
- Rename autodoc anchor (clients)= to (api-clients)= in docs/api/libtmux.client.md so the conceptual page owns the readable {ref}\`clients\`
… docs why: The 0.57.0 breaking-change docs in CHANGES and MIGRATION promise str(exc) renders as "<subcommand>: <stderr>" and that exc.args[0] holds the raw stderr string. raise_if_stderr passed proc.stderr (a list[str]) directly to LibTmuxException, so Exception.__str__ rendered the list's repr — yielding "last-window: ['no last window']" instead of the documented "last-window: no last window". The documented migration code `exc.args[0] == "can't find window"` was always False because exc.args[0] was the list, not the string. what: - Pass "\n".join(proc.stderr) to LibTmuxException so the message is a string. Multi-line tmux stderr renders as a multi-line string, matching how Python typically surfaces subprocess errors. - Add test_raise_if_stderr_str_shape_exact that asserts the FULL str(exc) and exc.args shapes (no startswith, no substring) for a wrapper flowing through raise_if_stderr, so future drift surfaces as a test failure rather than a docs lie.
why: The two-call form raced under busy pane writers: send-keys -R
clears the visible grid (verified at ~/study/c/tmux/cmd-send-keys.c:225
→ input.c:923 → screen-write.c:335) and any output landing between
the two subprocess.Popen invocations could scroll into history via
scroll-on-clear (tmux's default), then be wiped by the second call's
clear-history. That destroyed output the caller produced after the
reset point — `reset()` should wipe state at reset time, not whatever
happens to be in the grid when clear-history runs.
A naïve one-call form `self.cmd("send-keys", "-R", ";",
"clear-history")` doesn't work either: Pane.cmd auto-injects
`-t <pane_id>` only before the first subcommand, so the `;` separator
leaves clear-history routed to tmux's cmdq default pane — empirically
verified on tmux 3.6a to clear the wrong pane.
what:
- Route through self.server.cmd to bypass Pane.cmd's auto-target, and
pass `-t self.pane_id` explicitly on both subcommands so the `;`
separator can't misroute clear-history.
- Update the docstring to describe the single-IPC semantics and why
the explicit double-targeting is necessary.
- Add test_pane_reset_targets_non_active_pane that calls reset() on a
non-active pane and asserts history_size goes to 0 on the target
while the active sibling pane's history_size is preserved. Under
the misroute bug, clear-history would have hit the active sibling
instead of the target.
…rror why: `Client` inherits `client_name: str | None` from `Obj`. The `assert isinstance(self.client_name, str)` line vanishes under `python -O`, letting `None` flow into `_refresh` and surfacing as a less-clear downstream error. Keep the failure loud regardless of optimization level. what: - Replace the assertion with an explicit `if self.client_name is None: raise ValueError(...)`, with the message documented in the Raises section of the docstring. - Add test_client_refresh_raises_when_client_name_is_none asserting the explicit raise.
why: The fall-through `return "universal"` was fail-open — a future `Obj` field added without a matching prefix, override, or known-token entry would silently classify as universal and ship under every `list-*` -F template. That defeats the scope-gating machinery on exactly the case it's meant to protect: a future token whose class hasn't been mapped, where emitting on tmux 3.2a may crash the format engine or hydrate as nonsense. Pre-flight confirmed: every currently-declared `Obj` field maps to a known scope, so the flip is a no-op for the runtime template but turns future drift into a deterministic test failure. what: - Change the final return in `_token_scope` from `"universal"` to `"unknown"`. `"unknown"` is absent from every SCOPES_BY_LIST_CMD entry, so an unclassified field is excluded from every list-cmd template. - Document the fail-closed default in the docstring and show what it returns for an unrecognized name. - Add test_token_scope_unknown_for_unclassified_field asserting the default and that `"unknown"` isn't in any allowed scope set. - Add test_every_obj_field_classifies_to_known_scope as a guard: any new field added to Obj without classification breaks this test with a message pointing to the right table to update.
…s the triple
why: Code that needs all three of session/window/pane for a client
("where is this client attached *now*") naturally reads
client.attached_session, then client.attached_window, then
client.attached_pane. Each property re-reads tmux on access, so the
sequence costs three list-clients refreshes for one conceptual
read. The new helper shares a single refresh across the triple and
returns the three values together.
The helper catches NoActiveWindow and falls back to
(session, None, None). MultipleActiveWindows propagates — that
indicates a tmux invariant violation that callers should surface,
not absent attachment.
what:
- Add internal Client._resolve_attached returning
tuple[Session | None, Window | None, Pane | None], with documented
contract for the (None, None, None), (session, None, None), and
full-triple cases.
- Update the class docstring to point readers at the helper for
all-three access.
- Add three regression tests: live attachment → full triple,
detach → (None, None, None), and a monkeypatch-driven
NoActiveWindow → (session, None, None).
- attached_session / attached_window / attached_pane stay unchanged
so per-access live semantics are preserved.
why: The 0.57.0 entry covered the LibTmuxException subcommand prefix + subcommand attribute under both `### Breaking changes` and `### What's new` -> `#### Subcommand-tagged exceptions`. The breaking-changes subsection already documents the behavior, migration path, and rationale; the duplicate `####` heading restates the same content without adding new information. Per CLAUDE.md's "deliverable test," each `####` heading should be a distinct deliverable in user vocabulary — this failed it. what: - Remove the `#### Subcommand-tagged exceptions (#670)` block from `### What's new`. The breaking-changes section at CHANGES:59-101 is unchanged and remains the canonical reference for this deliverable.
why: MIGRATION's "Upcoming Release" header sat above an already-drafted 0.57.0 section without comment-bracket delimiters, so future-release content didn't have an unambiguous insertion point. CHANGES uses `<!-- KEEP THIS PLACEHOLDER -->` / `<!-- END PLACEHOLDER -->` to mark where new entries land; MIGRATION should match for the same reason. what: - Wrap the placeholder body in matching HTML comment brackets, mirroring the CHANGES convention. - New release content for the upcoming version lands below the END marker.
why: The doctest sent a key sequence then immediately read the pane's scrollback to assert the marker landed. Without `retry_until`, this trusted that the shell echoed before capture — a coin-flip under parallel-test load. The dedicated functional test in tests/test_pane.py::test_pane_reset_clears_history_and_sends_reset already exercises the same path with retry_until; the doctest's responsibility is to demonstrate the API, not to re-test timing. what: - Drop the send_keys + immediate capture_pane lines from the doctest. - Keep the call + return-value check, which is timing-independent.
why: The filtering topic doc already covers when to pick `search_*()` (C-side push-down) over `QueryList.filter()` (Python-side, post-fetch) with a comparison table and "When to prefer which" guidance, but the six `search_*` API entry points don't reference it. A caller landing on `Server.search_panes` from autodoc has no path to discover the comparison or the unfiltered `panes` attribute. what: - Add a See Also section to each `search_*` method (Server x3, Session x2, Window x1). Each block cross-links to (a) the matching unfiltered `panes` / `windows` / `sessions` attribute and (b) the `c-side-filtering` ref label in docs/topics/filtering.md.
…ic helper why: The typed wrappers (`Server.search_*`, `Session.search_*`, `Window.search_panes`, `Server.list_buffers`) all carry a warning that tmux silently expands a malformed `-f` predicate to empty — indistinguishable from "no matches". `fetch_objs` is the documented public surface those wrappers route through, but its docstring didn't carry the same caveat. A caller using `fetch_objs(filter=...)` directly missed the warning. what: - Copy the malformed-filter warning into the `fetch_objs(filter=)` parameter docstring with the same wording as the typed wrappers. - Cross-link to the `c-side-filtering` topic doc for the broader context.
why: Every 0.57.0 deliverable in CHANGES (and the MIGRATION header) was tagged `(#670)`. Verified upstream: PR #670 does not exist on tmux-python/libtmux. The actual branch PR is #672 ("Increase tmux coverage: Client, typed fields, C-side filter"). The `(#670)` refs appear to be from an earlier draft of the branch that never opened. what: - `sed 's/(#670)/(#672)/g'` across CHANGES and MIGRATION. Verified by `gh pr view` that #672 is open on the upstream and matches the branch's scope; #670 was a 404. The two pre-existing `(#672)` refs under `### Fixes` are unchanged.
…stead of raising
why: tmux's stderr from display-message conflates genuine argument-parser
errors (e.g. -F-with-positional rejection) with operational quirks like
3.2a's control-mode dispatch path silently failing without emitting stderr
at all. Raising LibTmuxException on every stderr forced an in-branch
workaround — pytest.skip patches gated on has_gte_version("3.3") — that
masked the underlying mismatch instead of solving it. Switch to
warnings.warn so callers see the stderr without losing the return value,
and the eventual raise/per-call-opt-in contract can land in a follow-up
shipment that exercises real tmux versions end-to-end.
what:
- src/libtmux/server.py, src/libtmux/window.py, src/libtmux/pane.py:
replace raise_if_stderr(proc, "display-message") with
warnings.warn("display-message: …", stacklevel=2). Wrapper return
value unchanged on success and on warn paths.
- All three display_message docstrings gain a Notes block describing
the warn-not-raise contract and showing the
warnings.catch_warnings/filterwarnings("error") escalation pattern.
- tests/test_pane.py, tests/test_window.py, tests/test_server.py:
rename test_*_display_message_raises_on_tmux_error to
test_*_display_message_warns_on_tmux_error and switch to
pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=…). Drop the 3.2a control-mode skip
added by the prior commit on test_server_display_message_no_text_returns_none —
with warn-not-raise the 3.2a control-mode stderr no longer fails the
test (the test only asserts result is None on get_text=False).
- CHANGES: rewrite the display_message Fixes entry to describe the
warn contract and how to escalate.
- MIGRATION: add a new section under 0.57.0 documenting the warn
contract and the warnings.catch_warnings escalation pattern.
- MIGRATION: add a section noting that Pane.reset now dispatches via
self.server.cmd; mocks targeting pane.cmd no longer intercept reset.
- docs/topics/pane_interaction.md: tighten the capture_pane(pending=True)
wording to describe tmux's parser pending buffer rather than "slow
consumer / paused program" (the latter framing implies a PTY/app
buffering issue that pending= doesn't address).
- docs/topics/filtering.md: note that there is no search_clients();
filter via Server.clients and Python-side QueryList.filter.
why: Server.new_session() called get_output_format() with no args, which
defaults to ("list-panes", "3.2a") and gates out every typed Obj field
whose FIELD_VERSION entry exceeds 3.2a. On tmux 3.3+ the returned Session
silently missed pane_dead_signal and pane_dead_time, and any 3.4+ tokens
that join FIELD_VERSION in a follow-up shipment would have the same
gratuitous gap. Match the pattern used by fetch_objs: thread the live
tmux version through, and use list-sessions as the scope (the format
context for tmux's new-session -P -F is the freshly created session).
what:
- src/libtmux/server.py:
- Import get_version from libtmux.common.
- new_session() now derives tmux_version via get_version(tmux_bin=…)
and passes ("list-sessions", tmux_version) to both get_output_format
(template build) and parse_output (output parse). Pair must be
identical or the field order goes out of sync.
Verified: a new_session() on tmux 3.3+ now hydrates pane_dead_signal and
pane_dead_time on the returned Session, where master returned None
unconditionally.
why: tmux master (post-3.6a) registers eight new format tokens that the next tmux release will ship: pane_zoomed_flag, pane_floating_flag, pane_flags, pane_pb_state, pane_pb_progress, pane_pipe_pid, synchronized_output_flag, bracket_paste_flag. Declaring them now means libtmux is ready when the tag lands; older tmux releases expand unknown tokens to empty strings, so the fields stay None until the user upgrades tmux. what: - src/libtmux/neo.py: add the fields alphabetically within the existing Obj layout (pane_* tokens among the pane_* block, bracket_paste_flag near buffer_*, synchronized_output_flag near start_time). - tests/test_pane.py: parametrized test asserts each field is declared on the dataclass and hydrates either as None or as a string after refresh(). No runtime-value assertions — those will activate when the shipping tmux release exposes the tokens.
why: with the scope+version gating in place, the format string sent to older
tmux versions automatically excludes tokens that those versions don't
recognize. The tokens below first registered in tmux 3.4-3.6 — tagging them
with FIELD_VERSION makes them appear on supported tmux releases that include
them, and absent on older tmux without sending unknown tokens that bloat the
format string or trigger crashes.
what:
- src/libtmux/neo.py:
- Re-add fields to Obj alphabetically: pane_key_mode,
pane_unseen_changes, session_active, session_activity_flag,
session_alert, session_bell_flag, session_silence_flag, client_theme.
- Populate FIELD_VERSION with each token's minimum tmux release
(3.4 for pane_unseen_changes, 3.5 for pane_key_mode, 3.6 for the
five session_* tokens and client_theme).
- tests/test_pane.py: restore pane_key_mode and pane_unseen_changes in
PANE_FORMAT_FIELDS (the parametrized declaration+hydration test).
- tests/test_session.py: restore the new session_* entries in
SESSION_FORMAT_FIELDS.
Verification:
- On tmux 3.6a (local), all tokens hydrate via refresh(); tests
pass.
- On tmux 3.2a, FIELD_VERSION skips all 8 — the -F template stays at
its pre--rollback shape for that version.
Version anchors verified via: rg '"<token>"'
https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/<TAG>/format.c across 3.2a, 3.3a, 3.4,
3.5, 3.5a, 3.6, 3.6a.
why: tmux master post-3.6a registers new format tokens (verified via https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/master/format.c grep on each format_cb_* signature). Declaring them on Obj now means libtmux is ready when tmux 3.7 ships — the FIELD_VERSION gate keeps them silent on every currently-released tmux, and they begin hydrating automatically once the user upgrades tmux. what: - src/libtmux/neo.py: - Add fields to Obj alphabetically: bracket_paste_flag, pane_flags, pane_floating_flag, pane_pb_progress, pane_pb_state, pane_pipe_pid, pane_zoomed_flag, synchronized_output_flag. - Tag each in FIELD_VERSION with "3.7" so they're absent in every list-* template on tmux <=3.6a. - Add _SCOPE_OVERRIDES dict for tokens whose name doesn't carry a scope prefix; map bracket_paste_flag and synchronized_output_flag to "pane" scope (their tmux callbacks dereference ft->wp). The six pane_* tokens scope correctly via the existing prefix table. - Update _token_scope() to consult _SCOPE_OVERRIDES first. Verification: on tmux 3.6a (local), the fields stay None after refresh() — confirmed because FIELD_VERSION blocks them from the -F template. All tests pass.
This was referenced May 17, 2026
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Summary
Adds typed Python attributes for format tokens tmux added in releases
after 3.2a — covering 3.4 (`pane_unseen_changes`), 3.5
(`pane_key_mode`), 3.6 (`session_active`, `session_activity_flag`,
`session_alert`, `session_bell_flag`, `session_silence_flag`,
`client_theme`), and the forward-looking set expected to land with
tmux 3.7+ (`bracket_paste_flag`, `pane_flags`, `pane_floating_flag`,
`pane_pb_progress`, `pane_pb_state`, `pane_pipe_pid`,
`pane_zoomed_flag`, `synchronized_output_flag`).
Problem solved
IDE autocomplete and `mypy` awareness for newer tmux format tokens.
Today users can read these via raw `display-message -p`, but the
typed surface saves the field-name lookup and centralizes the
version gate.
Why this is its own shipment
The forward-looking tokens can't be validated in CI until tmux 3.7
reaches a tagged release. Holding the shipment lets the typed
declarations land alongside real version-checked tests instead of
declarations gated by a version number that doesn't yet exist.
Status
Draft, gated on tmux 3.7 reaching a tagged release. This branch is
parented on `parity-pt-2` (#672); once #672 merges, rebase onto
`master` and revisit. The 3.4 / 3.5 / 3.6 tokens are already
validatable today and could land sooner if needed — but the
forward-looking set drives the held-back timing.
Acceptance criteria for merge
returns the correct field set for every combination of
`list_cmd ∈ {list-sessions, list-windows, list-panes, list-clients}`
\× `version ∈ {3.2a, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6a, 3.7}`
fields hydrate as expected
Test plan
pre-existing 3.2a control-mode skips)
after the rebase target merges
Refs
and core typed surface land in Increase tmux coverage: Client, typed fields, C-side filter #672; the forward-looking expansion
lands here.