[core] rework lib around lifecycle ownership

[mr-chelyshkin]

📝 Description

• clearer contracts for task names, controller slots, task IDs, and outcomes.
• reliable results that do not depend on best-effort events;
• explicit limits for runtime and controller resources;
• smaller modules with focused responsibilities;
• one clear owner for each lifecycle stage;

✅ Checklist

• Documentation updated (README, API docs, examples)
• Tests added/updated (if relevant)
• task ci passes locally