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bun run: end the entry's top-level await when a fatal error ends the run - #42686

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@robobun robobun commented Sep 14, 2026 •

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Fixes #22546. Re-lands #34627 (closed as stale). Stopgap on today's error-counter model: #34661 makes the fatal report exit, and then only these tests matter.

Problem

  • An uncaught exception or unhandled rejection during the entry's top-level await does not end the process. Bun prints error: oops, runs the module to its end, then exits 1 (never, with the while (true) of Top level await causes promise rejections inside global.setTimeout to be ignored, allowing execution to continue #22546). Node and Deno exit at the error. So does Bun for the same code in an async function.
  • load_entry_point (src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs:3757) waits with the generic EventLoop::wait_for_promise, which never reads unhandled_error_counter. The run loop in Run::start does, through is_event_loop_alive().

Fix

  • EventLoop::wait_for_module_promise is wait_for_promise plus one stop condition: a fatal error counted during the wait. load_entry_point calls it in its non-watcher arm.
  • When the wait ends that way, Run::start skips its post-load GC and tick, and the extra turn that --print gives a pending result. Both resumed the await.
  • The existing fatal path follows: no beforeExit, exit listeners, exit code 1.
  • Verified: test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts, 10 new tests. Main without the fix fails 6, the other 4 are controls. Two existing tests relied on the old behavior and are updated (see Notes). Self-reviewed: 10 concerns raised, all addressed.

Background

  • The entry's evaluation returns a promise that stays pending until its last top-level await completes. bun run ticks the event loop until then, before its run loop.
  • unhandled_error_counter: the VM adds one when an error reaches the top and nothing handles it. is_event_loop_alive() is false while it is nonzero.
  • Watch mode counts errors too and keeps going, so has_fatal_error() is false there.
Notes

Behavior change to know about. On main, every error that reaches uncaught_exception() with no handler adds to the counter, also the ones that Bun-native callers report (reportError(), a throw in a Bun.serve websocket handler). Without a top-level await such an error ends the process today (exit 1). With a pending top-level await at the entry (for example await new Promise(() => {}) after Bun.serve(...)) the process survived, because the wait did not read the counter. With this PR the two shapes behave the same: the process ends. #34661 is the change that makes those reports keep the process alive in both shapes.

Before and after (Linux x64, node v26.3.0, bun 1.4.3-canary.1, this branch as a debug build):

program node bun 1.4.3 this PR
the issue as written (while (true), rejection at 300 ms) 2 3, error, exit 1 prints forever 2 3, error: oops, exit 1
throw in a timer during the await, with exit / beforeExit listeners exit 1 after, exit 1 exit 1
Promise.reject() in a timer during the await no after, exit 1 after, exit 1 no after, exit 1
reportError() in a timer during the await (no reportError) after, exit 1 exit 1, as in an async function
the same with an uncaughtException or unhandledRejection listener, or --unhandled-rejections=warn module continues, exit 0 same same
the await waits for an fs.promises.stat() result that is already queued when the timer throws exit 1 after, exit 1 exit 1
--preload with a floating rejection, entry with a top-level await preload, entry, exit 1 preload, entry, after, exit 1 same as 1.4.3

Why "counted during the wait". A --preload can leave an error that is counted in the last tick of its own wait (the last row). The entry's wait then starts with the counter at 1. An absolute check made that wait return at once, before the entry module was even evaluated: nothing printed entry, which neither Node nor 1.4.3 does. The wait therefore remembers the counter at its start and stops only when it grows. The two gates in Run::start follow the same rule. They act only when load_entry_point returned with the entry promise still pending after a fatal error (entry_cut_short), so an error that a preload left behind does not reach them.

Sites with the same wait that this PR does not change:

  • The watcher arm of load_entry_point: watch mode survives errors, and Run::start keeps ticking there through tick_possibly_forever().
  • load_preloads (src/runtime/jsc_hooks.rs): a --preload with a top-level await also runs to its end after a fatal error, and the entry loads after it. To stop there, load_preloads must hand its caller a promise that is still pending, and load_entry_point must not wait on that promise again. That needs reload_entry_point to tell its three callers which kind of promise it returns. An earlier revision of this branch did it without that and over-reached (see above), so it is left out. Detect unsettled top-level await in entry-point loading instead of hanging #30551 already changes load_preloads to return pending promises and can take this on.
  • load_entry_point_for_test_runner: bun test records the error and continues, by design.
  • load_entry_point_for_web_worker: it does not wait for a top-level await. The worker's own loop stops on the counter.

What stays different from Node after this PR:

Overlap with open PRs:

Checks that each clause is needed (each built and run):

  • Without the --print guard: under --print: the result prints as the pending promise it is fails (after, 5).
  • With has_fatal_error() in place of entry_cut_short in the --print arm, an error that a --preload left behind reaches it: bun --preload ./p.mjs -p "Bun.sleep(10).then(() => 5)" then prints Promise { <pending> } on Linux, where main prints 5. No test pins this. It is the path of main for a pending --print result after an error, and that path is not stable: on macOS and Windows its one extra turn does not wait for the 10 ms timer (main prints a pending promise there), and its reaction exits without the VM teardown, so the ASAN lane aborts on a LeakSanitizer report (exit 134, on main too). bun --print: remove the exiting reactions and the extra loop turn for a pending result #39175 rewrites that path.
  • The --print test arms the awaited timer from the callback that throws. A chain of ten 5 ms timers in its place passes without the guard (one extra turn fires one timer), and a single 50 ms timer fails with the guard when the first timer drain comes 49 ms late.
  • Without the Run::start gate: with the await's wakeup already queued from another thread fails (after is printed). The fixture spins until getEventLoopStats().concurrentTasksEmpty is false and prints queued true, so the test cannot pass when the result of stat() was not queued.
  • With an absolute check in place of "since the wait began": an error that a --preload left behind does not keep the entry from starting fails (entry is not printed).
  • The !is_watcher_enabled() part of has_fatal_error() keeps the Run::start block as it is in watch mode. The wait never runs there.

The html-rewriter.test.js change. a detached rejection inside a handler reaches unhandledRejection ran a -e script whose top-level await finished after the detached rejection was reported, and it expected BODY:<p>ok</p> and exit 1. That is the behavior of #22546. It is now two tests: with no listener the rejection is reported and fatal at once (empty stdout, exit 1), and with an unhandledRejection listener the listener gets it and the rewrite succeeds (BODY:<p>ok</p>, exit 0). Together they still show that transform() does not capture the rejection.

The module-graph-isolation.test.ts change. The fixture response-bodies-of-disposed-graphs.mjs (added on main after this PR was opened) reads the body of a Response that a disposed graph was given. The promise rejects, nothing handles it, and the fixture peeks at its status at the end of a top-level await and then calls process.exit(0). On main the unhandled rejection is printed and the module continues. With this PR the run ends at the rejection (exit 1, no output), as it does in Node. The host now attaches a handler to the promise that it expects to reject (text.catch(() => {})). The test still checks that the status is rejected and that no promise stays protected, and it passes with and without this PR.

Suites run on the debug build. On the current head, with main 5c6d4e24cd merged: test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts (15 pass, also with the environment of the ASAN lane), test/js/workerd/html-rewriter.test.js (203 pass), test/cli/run/run-eval.test.ts (45 pass), and the changed case of test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-isolation.test.ts (pass). On the first head of this PR: the same two files, test/cli/run/preload-test.test.js, test/cli/run/run-eval.test.ts, test/cli/watch/watch.test.ts, test/cli/hot/hot.test.ts, test/js/node/worker_threads/worker_threads.test.ts (142 pass), 35 files of test/js/node/test/parallel/ (test-promise-*, test-process-exception-capture*, test-process-exit-code*, test-process-beforeexit*, test-microtask-*, test-next-tick-error*, test-process-uncaught-*, test-worker-uncaught-*). test/js/node/process/process.test.js: 167 pass, 4 fail. process fails because process.env.USER is not set in this container. The other 3 time out at 5 s under the concurrent debug load and pass when run alone.


no test proof · iteration 1 · platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/workerd/html-rewriter.test.js, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-isolation.test.ts

An uncaught exception or an unhandled rejection stops the run loop of
bun run: is_event_loop_alive() is false once an error nothing handled
is counted. load_entry_point waits for the entry's top-level await with
the generic wait_for_promise, which does not look at that counter. So
the module kept running to its end after the error was printed, and
forever with the loop in #22546.

Wait with wait_for_module_promise there. It is wait_for_promise plus one
stop condition: a fatal error counted during the wait. Both share one
loop. Run::start also skips its post-load GC and tick after a fatal
error, because that tick resumed the await when its wakeup was already
queued from another thread.

Watch mode counts errors too and keeps going, so has_fatal_error() is
false there.

Fixes #22546
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 14, 2026 •

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Updated 4:26 AM PT - Oct 23rd, 2026

✅ @robobun, your commit 951a5fa4b2ac57cc67037a1aa29cdd28e1930add passed in Build #131219! 🎉


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 42686

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-42686 executable, so you can run:

bun-42686 --bun

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 14, 2026 •

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Status for #42686.

Reproduced on Linux x64 with bun 1.4.3-canary.1 (b993710) and with a debug build of main. The script from #22546 prints 2, 3, error: oops, and then continues to count. Node v26.3.0 exits at the rejection. It still reproduces on a build of main from October (1.4.3-canary.1, 367d939).

$ USE_SYSTEM_BUN=1 bun test test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts   # 9 pass, 6 fail (the 6 that need the fix)
$ bun bd test test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts                 # 15 pass, 0 fail (head afa786d2f5, main 5c6d4e24cd merged)

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 14, 2026

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@cirospaciari this overlaps with the fatal-exit part of #34661. There, uncaught_exception_fatal() exits from the report and the counter leaves is_event_loop_alive(), which also fixes #22546 and makes the Rust in this PR unreachable.

Is that part close to landing, or do you plan to split it out? If yes, I move only the test block of this PR there and close this one. If not, this PR is a small stopgap on the counter model that main has now, and has_fatal_error() is the one place to update when #34661 lands.

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Walkthrough

The change adds fatal-error checks for non-watcher module waits. Entry loading and CLI cleanup paths now account for fatal errors. Tests cover top-level-await failures, handlers, preload errors, output, and exit behavior.

Changes

Fatal top-level-await termination

Layer / File(s) Summary
Fatal error detection and module waiting
src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs, src/jsc/event_loop.rs
VirtualMachine reports fatal errors since a recorded count. The event loop uses this state during module-promise waits while preserving existing stop conditions.
Entry loading and cleanup integration
src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs, src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs
Non-watcher entry loading uses module-promise waiting. Cleanup skips its event-loop tick after a fatal error. Eval-and-print returns a pending entry-point promise directly when a fatal error exists.
Concurrent fatal-error coverage
test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts, test/js/workerd/html-rewriter.test.js
Tests cover top-level-await exceptions, rejections, handlers, warning mode, preload failures, detached rejections, output, and exit codes.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner, cirospaciari

Priority: ➖ Normal

Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 523d8

The runtime change stops bun run after a fatal error during top-level await, and no correctness problem remains open. One new test waits a fixed amount of time instead of synchronizing on a condition. This could make the test flaky and should be cleaned up, but it does not block merging.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check Passed Issue #22546 requires bun run to stop after an unhandled rejection during entry-module top-level await. The PR adds wait_for_module_promise for the non-watcher entry wait and stops when `unhandl…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The Rust changes support fatal termination during entry-module top-level await. The spawn tests verify the linked behavior and required controls. The HTMLRewriter test update verifies the same detac…
Title check Passed The title names the main change: a fatal error counted during the entry's top-level await now ends the bun run process. The changeset adds wait_for_module_promise, wires it into load_entry_point…
Description check Passed The description follows the repository template. It has both required sections: "What does this PR do?" (covered by Problem, Fix, Background and Notes) and "How did you verify your code works?" (cover…
Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Issue #22546 requires bun run to stop after an unhandled rejection during entry-module top-level await. The PR adds wait_for_module_promise for the non-watcher entry wait and stops when unhandled_error_counter increases during that wait. Run::start also skips post-load work after a fatal error. The added tests cover the reported reproduction, uncaught exceptions, unhandled rejections, queued wakeups, and exit code 1. Handler and warning-mode tests confirm that handled errors retain non-fatal behavior.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The Rust changes support fatal termination during entry-module top-level await. The spawn tests verify the linked behavior and required controls. The HTMLRewriter test update verifies the same detached-rejection behavior with and without an unhandledRejection listener. Watch mode, preload waits, test-runner entry points, and web workers remain unchanged as documented scope boundaries. No unrelated change is demonstrated.

Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title names the main change: a fatal error counted during the entry's top-level await now ends the bun run process. The changeset adds wait_for_module_promise, wires it into load_entry_point, and skips post-load ticks after a fatal error, all of which match the title. The title is 72 characters, within a normal length for a single-sentence title.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description follows the repository template. It has both required sections: "What does this PR do?" (covered by Problem, Fix, Background and Notes) and "How did you verify your code works?" (covered by the named test file, the before/after table, the suites run on the debug build, and the checks that show each clause is needed). The author also records a behavior change for unhandled rejections and overlaps with open PRs (#34661, #30551, #39175). Two gaps remain. The evidence banner flags that the html-rewriter and module-graph-isolation tests were not run on this machine and are deferred to CI. The description also does not state a platform-specific result for the macOS and Windows behavior it mentions, though it does say the --print path differs there.

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Actionable comments posted: 2

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Inline comments:
In `@src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs`:
- Line 1475: Update the eval_and_print result path after load_entry_point to
skip all print-result processing when vm.has_fatal_error() is true, preventing
vm.tick() from resuming an interrupted top-level await; also recheck
vm.has_fatal_error() after the first tick before calling vm.auto_tick_active().

In `@test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts`:
- Around line 141-148: Convert the parameterized `it.each` cases around the test
to `describe.each`, placing the existing async `it` inside the suite. Preserve
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  • src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs
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Comment thread src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs Resolved
Comment thread test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts Resolved
…iter test

Under bun --print a pending result promise gets one more loop turn. After
a fatal error that turn resumed the top-level await. Print the promise
as it is then.

The HTMLRewriter test for a detached rejection expected the top-level
await to finish after the fatal error (BODY printed, then exit 1). Split
it: with no listener the error is fatal at once, and with an
unhandledRejection listener the rewrite still succeeds.
Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/event_loop.rs Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/event_loop.rs Resolved

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs Resolved

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Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to GitHub limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)
src/jsc/event_loop.rs (1)

1123-1145: 🩺 Stability & Availability | 🟠 Major | ⚡ Quick win

The fatal-aware module wait stops waiting by returning Ok(()), but a non-watcher run can still enter its later tick loop when immediate work remains queued. That vm.tick() drains microtasks, so entry-module continuations can run after the uncaught top-level-await error and before exit. Propagate the fatal stop or guard the subsequent loop with has_fatal_error() so no script work resumes after fatal termination.

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In `@src/jsc/event_loop.rs` around lines 1123 - 1145, The fatal-aware wait path in
wait_for_promise_impl must prevent script execution after an uncaught
top-level-await fatal error. Propagate the fatal stop or guard the subsequent
tick loop with has_fatal_error(), ensuring vm.tick() and related continuation
work cannot run after fatal termination while preserving normal waiting
behavior.
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Outside diff comments:
In `@src/jsc/event_loop.rs`:
- Around line 1123-1145: The fatal-aware wait path in wait_for_promise_impl must
prevent script execution after an uncaught top-level-await fatal error.
Propagate the fatal stop or guard the subsequent tick loop with
has_fatal_error(), ensuring vm.tick() and related continuation work cannot run
after fatal termination while preserving normal waiting behavior.

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@robobun

robobun commented Sep 14, 2026

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On the CodeRabbit note outside the diff (wait_for_promise_impl and the later tick loop: queued immediates keep the run loop alive after a fatal error). This is the same case as the setImmediate note on run_command.rs. The answer is here.

No change in this PR. is_event_loop_alive() stays true while immediates are queued, with or without a top-level await. The same code in an async function prints after on this branch and on 1.4.3. This PR makes the top-level await behave like that shape. A guard on the run loop changes what every program does with queued immediates after a fatal error. #38522 had that change and was closed in favor of #34661. The case is in the PR notes, in the list of remaining differences from Node.

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Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @test/js/workerd/html-rewriter.test.js:
- Line 1083: Replace the fixed-duration Bun.sleep(5) in the test with an
explicit event-loop synchronization point that keeps the handler pending until
the rejection checkpoint.

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Comment thread test/js/workerd/html-rewriter.test.js Resolved

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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

response-bodies-of-disposed-graphs.mjs reads the body of a Response that
a disposed graph was given. The promise rejects, and the fixture only
peeks at its status at the end. The rejection was unhandled during the
entry's top-level await, so the run now ends there. The host attaches a
handler to the promise it expects to reject.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts Resolved
Comment thread test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts Resolved
The script awaited one 50ms timer after a 1ms timer that throws. When
the first timer drain comes 49ms late, both timers are due in that one
drain, the module resumes, and the test sees "after" and "5".

Let the callback that throws arm the timer the module waits for. That
timer cannot be due in the drain that runs the callback. The extra loop
turn that --print gives a pending result still fires it, so the test
fails without the guard in Run::start.

Also say why the --preload control pins only the start of the entry.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs Resolved
Comment thread test/js/bun/spawn/exit-code.test.ts Resolved
…ng cut short

Both gates in Run::start asked has_fatal_error(), which is true for any
error counted in the run. The entry's wait counts only the errors during
the wait, so that an error a --preload left behind lets the entry run.
The gates did not agree with that: with such a preload, a pending result
of --print lost its extra turn and printed as a pending promise, where
main prints its value.

Run::start now records that load_entry_point returned with the entry
promise pending after a fatal error, and both gates use that.

Tests: the queued-wakeup case waits until the event loop reports a
queued concurrent task and prints that it saw one, so it cannot pass
without its precondition. A new --print case covers the preload error.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs Resolved
The case ran main's own path for a pending --print result after an
error, and that path is not stable enough to pin here:

- The extra loop turn does not wait for a 10ms timer on macOS and
  Windows, so the result prints as a pending promise there.
- The reaction that prints the result exits without the VM teardown.
  With the ASAN lane's options LeakSanitizer then reports a source map
  and aborts (exit 134).

Both happen on main without this branch.

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I reviewed this push and found no bugs, but a maintainer should still weigh it: it changes a user-visible run-loop semantic (an error that Bun-native code reports, such as reportError() or a throw in a Bun.serve handler, now ends a process parked on a top-level await), and the description frames it as a stopgap that #34661 supersedes, so when to land it is a judgment call.

What was reviewed:

  • wait_for_promise -> wait_for_promise_impl::<false>: the early non-pending return and the inner auto_tick gate reduce to the same conditions as before, so the generic wait is behavior-preserving.
  • entry_cut_short now requires the entry promise to still be pending, which makes it equivalent to the wait's "counted since the entry started" rule; the earlier preload concern no longer applies.
  • The last commit dropped the only test that exercised the --print pending-result turn, so the entry_cut_short qualifier in that arm (versus a bare has_fatal_error()) is no longer pinned, and the description's "checks that each clause is needed" bullet still cites that deleted test.
Extended reasoning...

The change touches src/jsc/event_loop.rs, src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs and src/runtime/cli/run_command.rs to stop the entry module's top-level-await wait once an unhandled error is counted outside watch mode, and gates the post-load GC tick and the --print extra turn on that cut-short state; it touches no security-sensitive surface. The refactor of the generic wait is behavior-preserving on inspection, and the new tests cover exception, rejection, listeners, --unhandled-rejections=warn, --preload and --print. What decided defer over approve is that this is a core run-loop semantics change the author explicitly calls a stopgap against an open redesign (#34661), it flips expectations in an existing html-rewriter test, and the latest commit removed the sole test of the --print pending-result path that the description still cites as proof the entry_cut_short qualifier is needed. No CODEOWNERS entry covers the changed files, and no third-party CHANGES_REQUESTED review is outstanding.

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 23, 2026

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On the last review summary: the description is in step with the head now. Its list "Checks that each clause is needed" no longer names the removed test. It says that no test pins the entry_cut_short qualifier in the --print arm, and why: that direction is the path of main for a pending --print result after an error, which prints differently on macOS and Windows and aborts on the ASAN lane (both on main, handed off as a separate bug, #39175 rewrites the path).

The other direction of that arm (the entry was cut short, so the result prints as the pending promise) is still covered by under --print: the result prints as the pending promise it is.

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Top level await causes promise rejections inside global.setTimeout to be ignored, allowing execution to continue

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