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WalkthroughThe QUIC outbound path now uses vectored writes and a shared queue abstraction. Stream body attachment and queue lifecycle operations use that abstraction. New fixtures and tests cover body delivery, resource use, blocked writes, and queue wrap-around. ChangesQUIC outbound buffering
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Updated 5:06 AM PT - Oct 20th, 2026
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Status Reproduced on a release build of main ( With main's No user reported this. An automated load test of PR: #37491 |
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I reviewed this PR and didn't find any bugs. Because the core change holds a live borrow of the outbound VecDeque across an FFI call into lsquic (where the old code released it before calling), and JsCell is UnsafeCell-based with no runtime borrow check, the soundness now rests on lsquic_stream_writev never re-entering the stream callbacks — a human look at that claim would be worthwhile.
What was reviewed:
drain_outboundbookkeeping (blocked/wrote_to_lsquic/BYTES_SENT/fin) matches the old loop for full, partial, zero, and -1 returns; the removed loop is subsumed by offering both deque halves in onewritev.- The
iovecstruct passed tolsquic_stream_writevis the one this crate already uses forus_nq_spec_iov, so its layout (incl. Windows) was already established. - The three
.extend(slice)sites and theattach_sourcerestructure are semantically identical to the.iter().copied()/ intermediate-Vecpaths they replace. - RSS test threshold (1.5×) is well below the unfixed floor (2.0×) and above the fixed ceiling (1.05×) on both release and debug+ASAN.
Extended reasoning...
Overview
The PR eliminates an O(body × ticks) copy in QuicStream::drain_outbound by handing lsquic the outbound VecDeque's two backing slices directly via lsquic_stream_writev, and replaces three per-byte .extend(.iter().copied()) sites with slice extend. bun_lsquic_sys::Stream::write (single caller) becomes writev. Two new tests cover RSS growth per ingest path and deque wrap-around correctness.
Security risks
None identified. This is a data-copy optimization on the send path; no parsing of untrusted input, no auth/crypto, no wire-format change.
Level of scrutiny
High. The change trades a defensive copy for an in-place borrow held across an FFI call into vendored C. The old code dropped the JsCell<Outbound> borrow before calling lsquic_stream_write, so it was structurally safe even if lsquic re-entered; the new code's soundness depends on lsquic_stream_writev not re-entering on_write/on_close/on_reset (which each touch self.outbound via with_mut). Since JsCell is a bare UnsafeCell wrapper with no runtime aliasing check, a re-entry would be silent UB rather than a panic. The PR description argues this convincingly (stream_write_to_packets only sets flags and queues the connection), but I couldn't verify against the vendored source in this checkout, and per the repo's review guidance native memory safety is the most-blocked category — a maintainer familiar with lsquic should confirm.
Other factors
The change itself reads correctly: the single writev call subsumes the old loop (both halves are offered at once, so a second iteration is never needed); usize::try_from(taken).unwrap_or(0) maps the -1 error case to the same note_write_blocked() path as before; .min(queued) is a defensive clamp. The .extend(slice) changes are pure perf with identical semantics. Tests are thorough — the RSS fixture covers all three ingest paths concurrently with a threshold well separated from both fixed and unfixed measurements, and the wrap-around test guards the new two-slice code path. The author also ran the 235 vendored node test-quic-* tests.
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On the re-entrancy point: I did trace it through the vendored lsquic before making the borrow span the call, and have now put the trace in the PR body (Fix section) so it can be checked line by line. Short version: every The function already depended on this, for a different reason: after the write returns it keeps using the lsquic stream handle ( |
…ying it every on_write QuicStream::drain_outbound copied the whole contiguous front of the outbound VecDeque into a fresh Vec on every lsquic_stream_write, and lsquic only takes a window's worth per call. drain_outbound runs from on_write on every engine tick a stream has data queued, so sending a body cost (bytes queued x ticks) in memcpy plus a body-sized allocation per tick: a 64 MiB body took 12-16 s to send over loopback in a release build (4 MiB took 39 ms). Hand the deque's two as_slices() halves to lsquic_stream_writev directly and drain the accepted prefix afterwards. lsquic copies what it takes before returning and does not re-enter the stream's callbacks from writev, so the borrow can be held across the call. One call also covers the wrap-around case the old loop needed a second iteration (and copy) for. Stream::write in bun_lsquic_sys had no other caller and becomes writev. On the way in, attach_source copied the body into a Vec and then again into the deque; every ingest path now extends the deque from the slice, which is also VecDeque's memcpy specialization rather than the per-element TrustedLen path .iter().copied() selects. Tests: a fixture queues a 64 MiB body each of the three ways a body reaches the native side and checks RSS grows by about one body (it grew by 2x on release and 4.4x on debug+ASAN before), plus a transfer that forces the queue to wrap and checks the bytes arrive intact.
The in-place writev held a JsCell borrow across lsquic_stream_writev. Outbound now has its own module with the ring private. Outbound::write_queued takes the whole value out of the cell, writes it, and puts it back, so lsquic never reads through a borrow of the cell. A write that lsquic refuses (-1) has its own arm in drain_outbound. attach_source and open_stream share attach_body. Tests: a CPU-time test (one 48 MiB body behind a 16 KiB stream window against the same bytes in 64 KiB bodies), the RSS cases as a peak against a baseline process, a guard for a refused write, and type fixes in the fixtures. quic-stream.test.ts now measures CPU time and RSS, so it runs outside the parallel batch. _meta.stats.excluded in test/parallel-allowlist.json is the length of excludeFiles again (367).
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @test/js/node/quic/quic-stream.test.ts:
- Line 380: Remove the fixtureTimeout constant and its explicit timeout
arguments from the test.each and test.skipIf calls in the QUIC stream tests.
Keep the existing test cases and skip conditions unchanged.
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src/lsquic_sys/lib.rssrc/runtime/node/quic/mod.rssrc/runtime/node/quic/outbound.rssrc/runtime/node/quic/session.rssrc/runtime/node/quic/stream.rstest/js/node/quic/outbound-body-cpu-fixture.tstest/js/node/quic/outbound-body-rss-fixture.tstest/js/node/quic/quic-stream.test.tstest/parallel-allowlist.jsontest/parallel-denylist.txt
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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.
Beyond the inline findings, I also checked two things on the new revision and ruled them out: the single-write drain_outbound keeps the old loop's observable behavior (a 0 or -1 return still reports blocked via taken < queued, and blocked_reported/wrote_to_lsquic/bytes-sent only move when bytes were taken), and moving the Outbound out of its JsCell across writev is sound here because JsCell::take/set go through the closure-scoped with_mut path and the cell holds a valid empty Outbound while lsquic runs, so no borrow is held across the FFI call.
Extended reasoning...
The change replaces the per-write queue copy in node:quic's send path with an in-place lsquic_stream_writev over both halves of the VecDeque, moves Outbound into its own module, and adds RSS, CPU-ratio, refused-write and wrap-around tests. It touches an unsafe FFI boundary (iovec construction in src/lsquic_sys/lib.rs) but no auth, crypto or input-parsing surface. Three inline findings are posted, so a human look is already signaled; this note only records the refactor-equivalence and cell-take checks that were examined and ruled out on the two new commits.
… GiB Outbound::clear drops the queue's allocation instead of keeping its capacity. drain_outbound calls it once the FIN or the trailers request has gone to lsquic, so a finished stream no longer holds its body's buffer until the GC collects the stream object. lsquic keeps its offset into an iovec in an unsigned, so a buffer of 4 GiB or more makes its reader spin. Stream::writev offers such a buffer up to that limit and holds back the buffers after it. The fixture tests set a 20 s ceiling instead of 60 s.
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I re-reviewed the two new commits and found no bugs; since this reworks the send path at the lsquic FFI boundary, a human look at src/runtime/node/quic/outbound.rs and Stream::writev would still be worthwhile.
What was reviewed:
Outbound::write_queuedmoving the queue out of theJsCellfor thewritevcall: the iovecs point into the movedVecDeque's heap buffer, which stays live untilset()puts it back, anddrainis clamped toself.data.len().drain_outboundagainst the old loop: blocked/partial/refused (-1) arms, the singlebytes_sentstat add, and the FIN/trailersclear()sites give the same observable outcomes.Stream::writeviovec capping atu32::MAXand stopping after a capped buffer; an empty second half yields a zero-length iovec, which lsquic's reader skips.- The new timing-ratio test (
whole / pieces < 4, min of three interleaved runs) is the one assertion whose stability on loaded CI runners a maintainer may want to weigh.
Extended reasoning...
The change replaces the per-write copy in node:quic's outbound path with an in-place lsquic_stream_writev of both VecDeque halves, adds a new outbound.rs module, a shared attach_body helper used by set_body and session stream creation, and frees the queue allocation once the FIN or trailers request goes out; it touches no auth, crypto, or input-parsing surface, only the unsafe FFI write boundary. The two commits since the prior review addressed the earlier inline findings on releasing the allocation and the 4 GiB iovec cap. No new bugs were found, but the take/set-around-FFI pattern and the CPU-ratio test are judgment calls that a maintainer familiar with lsquic's callback model should confirm, so this is a defer rather than an approve.
The reader behind lsquic_stream_writev kept its offset into the current iovec in an unsigned, so an iovec of 4 GiB or more made it spin. Stream::writev no longer caps an iovec at u32::MAX.
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I reviewed the three follow-up commits and found no bugs; the earlier items (queue allocation freed with the FIN, the 4 GiB iovec) are addressed in the code. Because this moves the hot write path onto lsquic_stream_writev through a new unsafe binding and adds a vendor patch to lsquic, a human look is still worthwhile.
What was reviewed:
Outbound::write_queuedtaking the queue out of itsJsCellacross the lsquic call: no borrow is held, and lsquic's write path does not invoke stream callbacks, soend/startedare not lost to a re-entrant touch.- Old
drain_outboundloop vs the singlewritev: refused (-1), zero, partial and full writes report blocked/stats the same way;drain(..taken.min(len))bounds lsquic's return. clear()on the FIN and trailers branches: both run only with an empty queue, and a laterpushstill works on the freshVecDeque.patches/lsquic/iovec-reader-size_t.patch: widens only the reader's two cursor variables; the vendored lsquic tree is not in this checkout, so the build applying it is the check. Note the PR description still saysStream::writevcaps an iovec atu32::MAX; the last commit removed that cap in favour of the patch.
Extended reasoning...
The change touches src/lsquic_sys/lib.rs (new unsafe writev FFI binding replacing lsquic_stream_write), a new src/runtime/node/quic/outbound.rs that moves the send queue out of its JsCell for the duration of the lsquic call, the rewritten drain_outbound in stream.rs, an attach_body helper shared with session.rs, a new lsquic vendor patch registered in scripts/build/deps/lsquic.ts, and three spawned test fixtures plus ~219 lines of tests. It touches no auth, crypto or injection surface; the sensitive surface is unsafe Rust/FFI lifetime handling and size arithmetic on lsquic's return value, both of which check out. The bug hunt exited on dry_streak with no findings, my prior inline findings were addressed by subsequent commits, and no CODEOWNERS entry covers these paths. Defer rather than approve because the change rewrites a hot native send path with unsafe code and patches a vendored C library, which is beyond the simple/mechanical bar for an automated approval.
Problem
node:quic, the sender copies a queued body again for every write. OnesetBody(buffer)of 8/16/32/64 MiB costs 0.13/0.62/2.6/10.7 s of CPU behind a 16 KiB window.QuicStream::drain_outbound(src/runtime/node/quic/stream.rs:489) copies the whole unsent queue (a.to_vec()) before everylsquic_stream_write. lsquic takes a few KiB of each copy.Fix
drain_outboundgives both halves of the queue tolsquic_stream_writevin place. The same bodies cost 0.03/0.07/0.13/0.26 s.JsCellfor the call and put back after it. Every ingest path copies the body once (setBody()copied it twice).Outbound::cleardrops the allocation, anddrain_outboundcalls it once the FIN or the trailers request is out. A finished stream no longer holds its body until the GC collects it.patches/lsquic/iovec-reader-size_t.patchmakes lsquic's iovec reader keep its offset in asize_t: in anunsigned, an iovec of 4 GiB or more made it spin.test/js/node/quic/quic-stream.test.ts(main fails the CPU-time test, the three peak-RSS cases and the queue-release test),test/js/node/quic/, the nodetest-quic-*files. Self-reviewed: 26 concerns raised, 26 addressed (see Notes).Background
Outboundis a stream's queue of bytes not yet given to lsquic, aVecDeque<u8>.on_write, lsquic's callback for a writable stream, drains it.JsCellis anUnsafeCellwith no borrow check.writev(sound only while lsquic never calls back),lsquic_stream_writef(two new unsafe callbacks), a queue of owned chunks (a malloc and an lsquic call for each chunk).Downsides
drain_outbounditself runs as many instructions as on main (125 to 143 for a 1 KiB body).clearcallers (reset, abort, 0-RTT rejection, teardown), the FIN and trailers arms ofdrain_outbound, and both users ofinner_reader_iovecin lsquic.Notes
Where this came from. No user reported it, and no maintainer asked for it. An automated load test of
node:quicfound it: a server that answers withstream.setBody(buffer)stops serving other clients while it sends one large answer. Its report asked for a rebase of this PR onto main and for a test of the time, not only of the memory. The copy is in every release since 1.4.0. There is no Node column below: the released Node build at hand (v26.3.0) has nonode:quic.What the cost follows. Main copies what is queued, once for each write, so the cost is (bytes queued) x (number of writes).
setBody(buffer), thebodyoption, one largewriter.write*(). An array of 64 KiB chunks given tosetBody()pays less (16 MiB behind a 16 KiB window: 0.28 to 0.31 s of CPU on main, 0.11 s with this PR). An async iterable of 64 KiB chunks pays nothing (0.10 s on both), because the queue stays at the high-water mark. That is the workaround on released builds.on_writeagain up to 1000 times in a pass. On main that takes 91 ms of CPU for 1 MiB queued and 412 to 481 ms for 4 MiB. With this PR it takes 1 ms and 3 ms. This PR makes each retry cheap. The retries stay with node:quic: reset the stream when lsquic_stream_write fails instead of retrying on every tick #42892.Not changed.
QuicSession::eventsis drained withVec::remove(0)(session.rs:898). It scales with the events of one tick, not with body bytes.push_inbound,pull). It is linear.node:nethas the same class of drain, open as socket: drain node:net's pending-write queue with a cursor #44219 on a contiguous cursor buffer. The ring stays here: a streaming writer needs no compaction, and a half-sent tail needs no second allocation.inner_reader_iovecinlsquic_stream.c) kept its offset and copy length in anunsigned. For an iovec of 4 GiB + 10 bytes it copied 10 bytes, then computed a length of 0 and spun. Main handed the whole contiguous half tolsquic_stream_write, which uses the same reader. The patch makes both asize_t. The case needs a 4 GiB queue and is not tested.drain_outboundtoo. The refused write has its own arm here so that it can hook it. The PR that lands second rebases.Measurements. linux x64. "main" is a release build of
0ffddcdc6d. "PR" is a release build of this change on that commit. The branch is on017b2439a7now. No commit between the two touches aquicfile.Sender CPU for one body, all of it delivered, against the same bytes in 64 KiB bodies.
bun test/js/node/quic/outbound-body-cpu-fixture.ts N N: both ends in one process, receiver stream window 16 KiB, the clock starts when the body is queued, two invocations each.Per doubling: main x4.1 to x4.8, PR x1.9 to x2.2.
LD_PRELOADcounter onmemcpyandmemmove, default windows): main 15 to 19 copies for 1 MiB (9.1x to 11.7x the payload) and 63 to 74 for 4 MiB (36.7x to 38.3x), PR 1 copy (1.00x) for both sizes, on each of the three ingest paths.drain_outboundfor a 1 KiB body (gdbstepi, callees listed): main 125 to 143 instructions in the function plus 115 to 207 inmalloc,memmoveandfree. PR 125 to 143 plus 0. A streaming write of 1 KiB: main 118 plus 112 to 115, PR 118 plus 0. A drain that only sends the FIN: 55 on both.inner_reader_iovec_size: 18 instructions with one iovec entry, 22 with two. It is called once for a 1 KiB body and 17 times for a 16 KiB body, on both builds.drain_outboundfor 10,000 xwriter.writeSync(1 KiB)thenendSync()(gdb call-site counts): main 10,000mallocand 10,000free, PR 0 and 0.drain_outboundis 807 B (main 1,024 B),attachSource288 B (389 B), and the per-elementVecDeque::spec_extend(1,267 B) is gone.size_of::<Outbound>()is 40 B on both.bench/quicserver bench (HTTP/3, 50 requests in flight, the same client build for both servers, runs in ABBA order): body 0: main 15,074 req/s and 1,380 ms of server CPU, PR 14,158 req/s and 1,400 ms. Body 1 KiB: main 13,288 req/s and 1,690 ms, PR 12,990 req/s and 1,730 ms (medians of 16 runs of 40,000 requests). These are equal within the noise of the bench: the same main binary twice gives 14,645 and 13,791 req/s. Body 64 KiB: both builds are bimodal in the same way, about 210 req/s or about 1,600 req/s (medians 216 and 213 of 8 runs of 10,000 requests, and the same main binary twice gives 1,221 and 330).Tests (
test/js/node/quic/quic-stream.test.ts).costs the CPU time of the same bytes in 64 KiB bodies: the fixture queues 48 MiB behind a 16 KiB window and compares the CPU time until 16 MiB arrived (4 MiB on ASAN, 1 MiB on debug) with the same bytes in 64 KiB bodies. Bound 4. This PR: 0.73 to 1.08 on release (20 runs), 0.54 to 0.99 on release+ASAN (20 runs), 0.40 to 0.75 on debug+ASAN (10 runs). Main: 34.4 to 37.9 on release (7 runs), 98 to 133 on release+ASAN (4 runs), 8.7 to 13.0 on debug+ASAN (8 runs). With 12 fixture processes at once, 96 of 96 release runs of this PR stay under 4 (highest 1.22), and 144 of 144 release+ASAN runs (highest 1.12). With 6 at once, 24 of 24 debug+ASAN runs (highest 1.21). Main on release, 12 at once: 0 of 12 (lowest 37). The release+ASAN numbers of this PR are from its previous revision. That revision differs in one thing: it also freed the queue buffer when the send side ended. Skipped on Windows, whereprocess.cpuUsage()advances in ticks of 15.6 ms.a queued body is buffered natively exactly once(3 cases): peak RSS of a fixture process that hands over 16 MiB, minus the peak of one that does not, over the body. Bound 1.5. This PR: 1.01 to 1.05 on release, 1.06 to 1.24 on debug+ASAN, 0.88 to 0.98 on release+ASAN (previous revision). Main: 1.98 to 2.02 on release, 1.79 to 1.89 on release+ASAN, 1.88 to 1.97 on debug+ASAN.a body written before the header block(1 MiB): the refused write. It passes on main's release build. On main's release+ASAN and debug+ASAN builds it does not finish in the default timeout of 5 s. Two mutants of this PR fail it:write_towithout the sign check loses the body, anddrain_outboundwithout thetaken < 0arm never reports the block.the queue of a finished stream is freed when its FIN goes out:outbound-body-release-fixture.tskeeps six finished streams of 8 MiB alive and reports the RSS growth after the first. Bound 35 MiB. Main: 49 to 54 MiB on release, 62 to 64 MiB on debug+ASAN. This PR: 7 to 20 MiB on debug+ASAN (8 runs).clearis also what the reset, abort, 0-RTT rejection and teardown paths call, so those free the buffer too.a body fed through a wrapped queue arrives intact: passes on main too. gdb onlsquic_stream_writevduring this transfer: 30 calls, 12 of them with both halves of the ring in use.src/: 5 of 13 fail on debug+ASAN and on release+ASAN (the CPU-time test, the three peak cases, and the refused-write case by timeout). 4 of 13 fail on release, where the refused-write case passes. With this PR: 13 pass on debug+ASAN and on release.test-quic-*files on the debug+ASAN build: 228 pass with this PR and 228 with main'ssrc/, four files at a time on a busy machine. On both builds, two files neednode:stream/iter, which does not resolve, andtest-quic-session-initial-rtt.mjsasserts an RTT bound that a debug build misses. The other failures aretest-quic-callback-error-*files. They fail now and then on both builds, and not the same files each run.test-quic-callback-error-onstream.mjsalone, the builds in turn: 8 of 40 runs fail on main and 7 of 40 with this PR on debug+ASAN. On release, 0 of 25 fail on both. The lsquic log of a failing run shows the cause. The server drops the session without a close frame. The client still sends a packet before its 1 s idle timeout ends (a NEW_CONNECTION_ID frame on a timer of about 1.5 s from the start of the connection). The server answers with a stateless reset, and the client reports it asERR_QUIC_TRANSPORT_ERROR. This diff does not touch that path.quic-stream.test.tsnow measures CPU time and RSS, so it is taken out of the parallel batch of the test runner (test/parallel-allowlist.json,test/parallel-denylist.txt), like the other RSS tests (test: run harness-max-rss.test.ts and compile-rss.test.ts outside the parallel batch #45636)._meta.stats.excludedsays 367 now, the length ofexcludeFiles. sql: consolidate the open Bun.sql, bun:sqlite and node:sqlite pull requests #45304 took two entries out and left the count at 368.Self-review. 26 concerns, 16 of them "should fix". Code and tests: the buffer release taken out (8 concerns), the CPU clock moved after the handover and 4 MiB measured on ASAN (2), the peak-RSS helpers (1), the
closedpromises of the fixture wired to its result (1), the refused-write test (2). This text: the cost stated by bytes queued and number of writes with a table (3), the peer and the refused write as triggers (2), no user report and the workaround (3), the sites not changed (3), loaded pass counts (1). One recommendation inside a concern is not taken: anOutbound::abort()helper for the three sites that also resetend. The buffer release came back in 30a0c98 after review: it frees inclear, which every end-of-send-side path already calls, and the FIN and trailers paths call it too. A test covers it now.The first version of this PR (6d0c309) held a borrow of the queue across
lsquic_stream_writev, with the argument that lsquic never calls back from a write. That argument still holds by a reading of the vendored lsquic. The queue is now moved out for the call, so the code no longer depends on it.no test proof · iteration 0 · platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/node/quic/quic-stream.test.ts