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πŸ“ˆ Comparative Analysis of European Option Pricing using Binomial Trees and Black Scholes Model

This repository presents a comparative study of two foundational models used in European option pricing: the Binomial Tree model and the Black-Scholes closed-form formula.


πŸ“Œ Problem Statement

This project aims to:

  • Implement pricing algorithms for European call and put options using:
    • βœ… Binomial Tree method (with adjustable steps)
    • βœ… Black-Scholes formula (including Option Greeks)
  • Compare mathematical assumptions (discrete vs. continuous time, volatility, etc.)
  • Study convergence of Binomial prices to Black-Scholes values
  • Analyze sensitivity to:
    • Volatility (Οƒ)
    • Time to maturity (T)
    • Risk-free interest rate (r)
    • Strike price (K)
  • Validate with real market data (e.g., SPY, AAPL) and assess model performance

🧠 Key Learnings

  • Binomial model offers flexibility but increases in complexity with time steps
  • Black-Scholes is efficient and elegant, but depends on strict assumptions
  • Real-world data introduces imperfections that influence model accuracy

πŸ›  Tech Stack

  • Python
  • NumPy, Pandas
  • Matplotlib
  • yFinance

πŸ“Š Features Implemented

  • βœ… Binomial Tree option pricer with custom steps
  • βœ… Black-Scholes pricer with Greeks (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho)
  • βœ… Price convergence analysis
  • βœ… Sensitivity analysis for key parameters
  • βœ… Real market comparison
  • βœ… Performance report covering:
    • Pricing accuracy
    • Computational efficiency
    • Error convergence over steps

πŸ“ Project Structure

πŸ“¦ Option Pricing Project

β”œβ”€β”€ European_Option_Pricing_Comparison.ipynb # Main project notebook

β”œβ”€β”€ README.md # This file


⚠️ Limitations

  • Black-Scholes assumes constant volatility & risk-free rates
  • Binomial Tree becomes slower with large number of steps
  • Market prices may reflect American-style options or implied volatility

πŸ“š References

  • Options, Futures and Other Derivatives – John C. Hull (Chapters 10–13, 15)
  • yFinance documentation
  • Quantitative finance resources

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A comparative study of European option pricing using the Binomial Tree method and Black-Scholes model, with implementation in Python, sensitivity analysis, and real market data validation.

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