glossary.yaml

AFP:
  term: Apple Filing Protocol
  def: A network protocol for macOS file sharing in Unraid. No longer used by Apple, and support was removed in Unraid 6.9. Instead, see "SMB" for modern macOS compatibility.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block">Server Message Block - Wikipedia</a>

ahci:
  term: Advanced Host Controller Interface
  def: A standard interface mode for disk controllers that allows storage devices to communicate with your computer. In Unraid, AHCI mode is typically recommended for better compatibility.
  link: See <a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/io/serial-ata/ahci.html">Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) - Intel Specification</a>

allocation-method:
  term: Allocation Method
  def: A setting that controls how Unraid chooses which array disk to place new files on when using user shares. Options include High-Water (balanced distribution), Fill-Up (sequential filling), and Most-Free (prioritizes emptiest disk).
  link: ""

amd-v:
  term: AMD Virtualization
  def: A feature in AMD processors that enables virtualization support. This feature must be enabled in your computer's BIOS settings before you can create virtual machines in Unraid.
  link: See <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/X86_virtualization">X86 virtualization | Wikiwand</a>

apcupsd:
  term: apcupsd Protocol
  def: Protocol used by Unraid to communicate with UPS devices. Enables graceful shutdowns during power failures.
  link: See <a href="http://www.apcupsd.org/">apcupsd - Official Project Documentation</a>

apollo-sandbox:
  term: Apollo Sandbox
  def: A development tool for testing and exploring GraphQL APIs used in Unraid's development environment.
  link: See <a href="https://www.apollographql.com/docs/graphos/platform/sandbox">Apollo Sandbox - Official Documentation</a>

application-server:
  term: Application Server
  def: One of Unraid’s core functions where it can run containerized applications (like Plex, Sonarr, etc.) directly on the system without requiring a full virtual machine.
  link: See <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Application_server">Application server | Wikiwand</a>

array:
  term: Array
  def: The collection of data disks managed by Unraid, which can include parity protection. The array is Unraid's main storage system, storing data across multiple devices.
  link: ""

aws-cognito-oauth:
  term: AWS Cognito OAuth Server
  def: An Amazon Web Services authentication service that Unraid Connect uses to manage user identities and access securely.
  link: See <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/what-is-amazon-cognito.html">Amazon Cognito - AWS Documentation</a>

bit-rot:
  term: Bit Rot
  def: The theoretical degradation of disk data over time. File systems like BTRFS and ZFS can detect errors, but practical occurrence rates are debated.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_degradation">Data Degradation - Wikipedia</a>

btrfs:
  term: BTRFS
  def: “B-Tree File System,” a modern file system option in Unraid that supports features like snapshots and checksumming. Often used for cache pools due to its ability to detect corruption.
  link: See <a href="https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/">BTRFS File System - Official Documentation</a>

cache-pool:
  term: Cache Pool
  def: High-speed storage for temporary data. Pools can be single-disk or multi-disk. The Mover process transfers data to/from array periodically.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID">RAID - Wikipedia</a>

cache:
  term: Cache
  def: A feature in Unraid that temporarily stores newly written data on faster drives (typically SSDs) before moving it to the array, improving write performance.
  link: See <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/cache-memory">Cache Memory - Computer Science Principles</a>

checksum:
  term: Checksum
  def: A small piece of data generated from a larger block of data, used to detect errors during storage or transmission. BTRFS and ZFS file systems use checksums to verify data integrity.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum">Checksum - Wikipedia</a>

cpu-pinning:
  term: CPU Pinning
  def: The process of assigning specific CPU cores to VMs or Docker containers. This improves performance by ensuring that critical applications have dedicated processing resources.
  link: See <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer-architecture">CPU Affinity - Computer Architecture Principles</a>

crc-errors:
  term: CRC Errors
  def: Error messages generated when a CRC check fails. Cyclic Redundancy Check errors often indicate cabling issues rather than disk failures, so be sure to check your SATA cable connections.
  link: See <a href="https://documentation.meraki.com/MS/Other_Topics/CRC_Errors">CRC Errors | Cisco</a>

crc:
  term: CRC
  def: “Cyclic Redundancy Check,” an error-detecting code used to identify data corruption during storage or transmission.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check">Cyclic Redundancy Check - Wikipedia</a>

deep-linking:
  term: Deep Linking
  def: A feature in Unraid Connect that allows direct navigation to specific pages within your Unraid server’s webGUI.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_linking">Deep Linking - Wikipedia</a>

dmi:
  term: DMI
  def: “Desktop Management Interface,” a framework that provides system information about hardware components. Unraid uses this to identify system specifications.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Management_Interface">Desktop Management Interface - Wikipedia</a>

dns-name-resolution:
  term: DNS name resolution
  def: Process of converting domain names (e.g., www.wikipedia.com) to IP addresses. Configured via router or custom DNS settings.
  link: See <a href="https://www.datadoghq.com/knowledge-center/dns-resolution/">What is DNS Resolution? How DNS Works & Challenges</a>

dns-rebinding:
  term: DNS rebinding
  def: Security feature that must be disabled in your browser/DNS server for your server to work with myunraid.net URLs.
  link: ""

emulated-disk:
  term: Emulated disk
  def: Virtual disk created when a physical drive fails. Uses parity + remaining array drives to emulate the missing drive. The failed drive must be replaced before another one fails.
  link: ""

ftp:
  term: FTP
  def: “File Transfer Protocol,” an unencrypted file transfer protocol. Not recommended - use SFTP or SMB for secure transfers.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol">File Transfer Protocol - Wikipedia</a>

go-link:
  term: Go Link
  def: A permanent, short URL format used in Unraid documentation that redirects to current content locations, ensuring links remain valid even as documentation is reorganized.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_shortening">URL Shortening - Wikipedia</a>

gpu-passthrough:
  term: GPU passthrough
  def: A technique that gives a virtual machine direct control over a physical graphics card, providing near-native performance for graphics-intensive applications like gaming.
  link: See <a href="https://www.nakivo.com/blog/hyper-v-gpu-passthrough/">Hyper-V GPU Passthrough - An Essential Guide for Beginners</a>

graphql:
  term: GraphQL
  def: A query language and runtime for APIs used in Unraid Connect, allowing efficient data retrieval with a single request.
  link: See <a href="https://hygraph.com/learn/graphql">GraphQL Official Documentation</a>

guest-agent:
  term: Guest agent
  def: A software component installed inside a virtual machine that enables better communication between the VM and the Unraid host system.
  link: See <a href="https://wiki.libvirt.org/Qemu_guest_agent.html">QEMU Guest Agent | Libvirt</a>

guid:
  term: GUID
  def: “Globally Unique Identifier,” a unique reference number used to identify hardware devices or software components. In Unraid, licensing can be bound either to a USB flash device GUID or to TPM-based hardware identity.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier">GUID - Wikipedia</a>

hba-mode:
  term: HBA mode
  def: A configuration setting for storage controllers where they function as direct pass-through devices rather than RAID controllers, recommended for optimal Unraid performance.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_adapter">Host Bus Adapter - Wikipedia</a>

hashed-passwords:
  term: Hashed passwords
  def: Passwords processed through a cryptographic hash function for secure storage in Unraid, making them difficult to reverse engineer.
  link: See <a href="https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Password_Storage_Cheat_Sheet.html">Password Hashing - OWASP</a>

hash:
  term: Hash
  def: A mathematical function that converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, used in Unraid for password storage and file integrity verification.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function">Cryptographic Hash Function - Wikipedia</a>

hvm:
  term: HVM
  def: “Hardware Virtual Machine,” a virtualization approach that uses CPU hardware capabilities to run unmodified guest operating systems. Required for virtual machines in Unraid.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization">Hardware Virtualization - Wikipedia</a>

hypervisor:
  term: Hypervisor
  def: Software that creates and manages virtual machines. Unraid functions as a type 2 hypervisor, running on top of the Linux kernel.
  link: See <a href="https://www.nutanix.com/info/hypervisor">Hypervisor - Nutanix</a>

i440fx:
  term: I440fx
  def: A legacy chipset emulation for virtual machines. Generally used for older operating systems and compatibility scenarios when Q35 isn’t suitable.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_440FX">Intel 440FX | Wikipedia</a>

included-or-excluded-disks:
  term: Included or excluded disks
  def: Disks explicitly added to or removed from a share. Included disks are an active part of the share, while excluded disks are excluded from automatic file allocation.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_volume_management">Logical Volume Management - Wikipedia</a>

intel-vt-x:
  term: Intel VT-X
  def: “Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O,” Intel’s hardware virtualization capability enabling VMs to run operating systems directly on the CPU. Essential for VM performance in Unraid on Intel platforms. (AMD equivalent - AMD-V)
  link: See <a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005486/processors.html">Intel® Virtualization Technology</a>

iommu:
  term: IOMMU
  def: “Input/Output Memory Management Unit,” a security feature that isolates virtual machines (VMs) from direct hardware access, preventing unauthorized data access. Ensures VMs only interact with assigned hardware.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_memory_management_unit">IOMMU - Wikipedia</a>

jbod:
  term: JBOD
  def: “Just a Bunch Of Disks,” disks configured as standalone devices without RAID. Each disk operates independently, with no redundancy.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-RAID_drive_architectures">JBOD - Wikipedia</a>

keypair:
  term: Keypair
  def: A pair of cryptographic keys (public/private) used for secure SSH access. The public key is shared, while the private key remains confidential.
  link: See <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_keymanagement">Key-based authentication in OpenSSH - Microsoft Learn</a>

kvm:
  term: KVM
  def: “Kernel-based Virtual Machine,” Linux’s native virtualization solution used by Unraid to run VMs. Provides direct hardware access for high performance.
  link: See <a href="https://linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page">KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) - Official Project</a>

libvirt:
  term: libvirt
  def: The virtualization API and management tool that Unraid uses to create and manage virtual machines.
  link: See <a href="https://libvirt.org">libvirt - Official Project</a>

linux-fuse:
  term: Linux FUSE
  def: “Filesystem in Userspace,” a framework for directly mounting virtual file systems (e.g., SSHFS) in user space, enabling flexible file access.
  link: See <a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc./html/next/filesystems/fuse.html">FUSE - The Linux Kernel documentation</a>

luks:
  term: LUKS
  def: “Linux Unified Key Setup,” a disk encryption system for securing data on Unraid. Encrypts entire drives to protect against unauthorized access.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup">Linux Unified Key Setup | Wikipedia</a>

magicdns:
  term: MagicDNS
  def: A Tailscale-specific dynamic DNS service that automatically updates your Unraid server’s domain name with its current IP address. To demonstrate, it would allow a computer at "desktop.yourtailnet.ts.net" to find another machine, "tower.yourtailnet.ts.net", even if they were in different physical locations.
  link: See <a href="https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns">MagicDNS - Tailscale Documentation</a>

maid:
  term: MAID
  def: “Massive Array of Idle Disks,” an energy-saving strategy where drives spin down when idle. Requires careful configuration to avoid data loss.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAID_(storage)">MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks) - Wikipedia</a>

maintenance-mode:
  term: Maintenance mode
  def: Feature that starts the array without mounting drives. Enables disk repair, re-assignment, or parity rebuilds without affecting the array's active data.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance_mode">Maintenance Mode - Wikipedia</a>

mdns:
  term: mDNS
  def: A networking protocol that allows your local computer to resolve "tower.local" even though there is no actual DNS server configured to resolve that name. Only works on the ".local" top-level domain, which is why Unraid uses it by default. Only resolves successfully when the client and server are on the same subnet.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast_DNS">Multicast DNS</a>
  
memory-ballooning:
  term: Memory ballooning
  def: A VM feature that dynamically adjusts allocated RAM based on host system needs. Prevents VMs from monopolizing memory.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_ballooning">Memory ballooning - Wikipedia</a>

mirror-root-profile:
  term: Mirror (root profile)
  def: A RAID 1 configuration for the root partition, providing redundancy for critical system files.
  link: See <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/817-5776/about-metadevices-9/index.html">Overview of RAID 1 (Mirror) Volumes - Oracle Docs</a>

mover:
  term: Mover
  def: Transfers data between the primary and secondary storage defined for a share in either direction during scheduled runs.
  link: See <a href="https://morsepacific.co.uk/2020/11/15/unraid-data-cache-and-the-mover/">UnRAID - Data, Cache, and the Mover - An Englishman in Boston</a>

mtu:
  term: MTU
  def: “Maximum Transmission Unit,” the largest size of data packet that can be transmitted over a network interface. Recommended to keep default and avoid jumbo frames.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_transmission_unit">Maximum Transmission Unit - Wikipedia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumbo_frame">Jumbo frame - Wikipedia</a>

multi-device-pool:
  term: Multi-device pool
  def: A cache configuration using multiple drives (often in RAID 1/10) to balance speed and redundancy.
  link: ""

multiple-device-mirror:
  term: Multiple-device mirror
  def: A RAID 10 setup for the cache pool, combining mirroring and striping for optimal performance and redundancy.
  link: See <a href="https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/000136987/intelligent-mirroring-and-enhanced-raid-10-aka-raid-10e">Intelligent Mirroring and Enhanced RAID 10 - Dell</a>

myunraid-net-certificate:
  term: Myunraid.net certificate
  def: A security certificate issued by Unraid Connect for secure access to your server's webGUI.
  link: ""

nat:
  term: NAT
  def: “Network Address Translation,” a network technique that allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation">Network Address Translation - Wikipedia</a>

nfs:
  term: NFS
  def: “Network File System,” a protocol for sharing files across a network, enabling remote systems to access files as if they were local.
  link: See <a href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.1?topic=management-network-file-system">Network File System - IBM Documentation</a>

nic-bonding:
  term: NIC bonding
  def: (Advanced) Combines network interfaces for redundancy/bandwidth. Requires compatible switch configuration. (Avoid triggering if unfamiliar.)
  link: See <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/interface-nics-bonding-in-linux-using-nmcli/">Interface (NICs) Bonding in Linux using nmcli | GeeksforGeeks</a>

nic-bridging:
  term: NIC bridging
  def: A VM networking mode where the VM shares the host’s physical network interface for direct internet access.
  link: See <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/setup-network-bridge-VM">How to set up a network bridge for virtual machine communication | Red Hat Blog</a>

openvpn:
  term: OpenVPN
  def: A secure VPN protocol used to create encrypted connections to your Unraid server from remote locations.
  link: See <a href="https://surfshark.com/blog/what-is-openvpn">What is OpenVPN, and how does it work? - Surfshark</a>

ovmf:
  term: OVMF
  def: “Open Virtual Machine Firmware,” firmware for UEFI-based VMs, enabling features like Secure Boot. Required for modern OS installations.
  link: See <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UEFI/OVMF">UEFI/OVMF - Ubuntu Wiki</a>

parity-check:
  term: Parity check
  def: A background process that verifies data integrity across the array, ensuring parity is up-to-date.
  link: ""

parity-drives:
  term: Parity drives
  def: Redundant drives in the array that maintain parity information to recover data during disk failures.
  link: ""

parity-swap:
  term: Parity Swap
  def: Three-drive procedure for when you must replace a data drive while upgrading your parity drive to one with a larger capacity.
  link: ""

parity:
  term: Parity
  def: A redundancy mechanism that protects data against disk failures by storing a checksum across the array.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bit#RAID_array">Parity data in RAID arrays | Wikipedia</a>

pme-event:
  term: PME Event
  def: “Power Management Event,” a system log entry indicating a hardware power-related issue (e.g., USB disconnection).
  link: ""

primary-storage:
  term: Primary storage
  def: The main location where data is initially written (cache) before Mover moves it to secondary storage (array).
  link: ""

public-bridge:
  term: Public bridge
  def: A VM networking mode where the VM obtains its own IP address on the host’s network, visible to other devices.
  link: ""

putty:
  term: PuTTY
  def: A free SSH client for Windows used to access Unraid’s terminal interface remotely.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PuTTY">PuTTY - Wikipedia</a>

q35:
  term: Q35
  def: A modern chipset emulation mode for VMs, offering better compatibility with newer operating systems.
  link: See <a href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/List_of_Intel_chipsets#Core_2_chipsets">Intel Chipsets - Wikiwand</a>

qemu:
  term: QEMU
  def: A hardware emulator used by Unraid to run x86/x64 VMs. Handles CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU">QEMU - Wikipedia</a>

raid:
  term: RAID
  def: “Redundant Array of Independent Disks,” a storage technology combining multiple drives for performance, redundancy, or both.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels">Standard RAID Levels - Wikipedia</a>

raid0:
  term: RAID 0
  def: Striping – A RAID configuration that splits data across drives for faster read/write speeds but offers no redundancy.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_0">RAID 0 - Wikipedia</a>

raid1:
  term: RAID 1
  def: Mirroring – A redundancy method that duplicates all data across two or more drives. If one drive fails, another contains an exact copy of the data.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_1">RAID 1 - Wikipedia</a>

raid10:
  term: RAID 10
  def: Striped Mirrors – A combination of RAID 1 (mirroring) and RAID 0 (striping) that balances speed and redundancy. Data is striped across mirrored pairs, providing performance and protection against drive failures.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_10">RAID 10 - Wikipedia</a>

raid5:
  term: RAID 5
  def: A storage method that distributes data and parity information across three or more drives. Traditional RAID 5 stripes data across all drives, unlike Unraid which keeps complete files on individual disks.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_5">RAID 5 - Wikipedia</a>

raid6:
  term: RAID 6
  def: Similar to RAID 5 but with dual parity, allowing the array to survive two simultaneous drive failures.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels#RAID_6">RAID 6 - Wikipedia</a>

raidz1:
  term: RAIDZ1
  def: ZFS’s implementation of RAID 5, offering single-parity protection with data checksumming for corruption detection.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/RAIDZ.html">RAIDZ - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

raidz2:
  term: RAIDZ2
  def: ZFS’s implementation of RAID 6, providing dual-parity protection with data checksumming, allowing survival of two simultaneous drive failures.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/RAIDZ.html">RAIDZ - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

raidz3:
  term: RAIDZ3
  def: ZFS’s triple-parity implementation, allowing the array to survive three simultaneous drive failures. Useful for very large arrays.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/RAIDZ.html">RAIDZ - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

read-check:
  term: Read check
  def: A process that verifies data can be read from a drive without comparing it to parity. Useful for testing drive health without full parity check overhead.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_scrubbing">Data Scrubbing - Wikipedia</a>

reallocated-sectors:
  term: Reallocated sectors
  def: Bad sectors on a drive that have been replaced with spare sectors. A rising count in SMART reports indicates drive degradation and potential failure.
  link: See <a href="https://how.dev/answers/what-is-a-reallocated-sectors-count">What is a reallocated sectors count? | how.dev</a>

root-profile:
  term: Root profile
  def: The vdev (virtual device) configuration for the root pool in ZFS, typically set as a mirror for redundancy of system files.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/">ZFS Concepts - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

root-user:
  term: Root user
  def: The administrator account in Unraid with full system access and permissions. Similar to the Administrator account in Windows.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser">Superuser - Wikipedia</a>

root-vdev:
  term: Root vDev
  def: The primary virtual device in a ZFS pool configuration, defining how data is distributed and protected across physical drives.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/">ZFS Concepts - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

samba:
  term: SAMBA
  def: An implementation of the SMB protocol that allows Unraid to share files with Windows, macOS, and Linux systems.
  link: See <a href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.1?topic=management-network-file-system">SMB Protocol - IBM Documentation</a>

scheduled-mover-process:
  term: Scheduled Mover process
  def: An automated task that transfers files from a pool to another array or pool in either direction, balancing performance with data protection.
  link: ""

scrub:
  term: Scrub
  def: A background maintenance process that checks file system integrity, verifies checksums, and repairs corrupted data when possible (used with BTRFS and ZFS).
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_scrubbing">Data Scrubbing - Wikipedia</a>

seabios:
  term: SeaBIOS
  def: A legacy BIOS implementation used for virtual machines in Unraid. Generally used for older operating systems that don’t support UEFI.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaBIOS">SeaBIOS - Wikipedia</a>

smart:
  term: SMART
  def: “Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology,” a monitoring system built into hard drives that reports on various reliability indicators to help predict drive failures.  
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology">SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) - Wikipedia</a>
  
smart-polling:
  term: SMART polling
  def: The frequency at which Unraid checks the SMART status of drives. More frequent polling provides earlier warning of potential drive issues.  
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology">SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) - Wikipedia</a>
  
smart-report:
  term: SMART report
  def: A detailed health status overview of a drive, showing reliability metrics and potential warning signs of impending failure.  
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology">SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) - Wikipedia</a>
  
snapshot:
  term: Snapshot
  def: A point-in-time image of a file system, used by BTRFS and ZFS to enable quick rollbacks, backups, or recovery of previous states.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapshot_(computer_storage)">Snapshot (computer storage) - Wikipedia</a>

spin-down-timers:
  term: Spin-down timers
  def: Settings determining how long a drive remains idle before Unraid spins it down to save power and extend drive life.
  link: ""

spin-state:
  term: Spin state
  def: The current rotation status of a hard drive—either spinning (active) or spun down (idle). Managing spin states helps reduce power consumption and drive wear.
  link: ""

split-level:
  term: Split level
  def: An advanced share setting that controls whether files are split across multiple disks. Affects how Unraid organizes data within a share. Most users can keep the default setting.
  link: ""

ssh:
  term: SSH
  def: “Secure Shell,” an encrypted protocol for securely accessing and managing your Unraid server remotely through a command-line interface.
  link: See <a href="https://www.1kosmos.com/security-glossary/secure-shell-ssh/">Secure Shell (SSH) - 1Kosmos Security Glossary</a>

ssl:
  term: SSL
  def: “Secure Sockets Layer,” a security protocol for establishing encrypted connections between your browser and the Unraid webGUI, protecting sensitive information.
  link: See <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/">What is SSL?</a>

sso:
  term: SSO
  def: “Single Sign-On,” a login method that allows you to use one set of credentials to access multiple services like Unraid Connect.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign-on">Single Sign-On - Wikipedia</a>

standby-mode:
  term: Standby mode
  def: A low-power state for solid-state drives when they're not actively being used; similar to spinning down a mechanical drive but for SSDs.
  link: ""

subnet-routing:
  term: Subnet routing
  def: In the context of Unraid, a Tailscale-specific feature that securely connects devices across different networks using encrypted tunnels and subnet routers.
  link: ""

syslog-server:
  term: Syslog server
  def: A centralized server that collects and stores log messages from Unraid, allowing for persistent storage of diagnostic information.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog">Syslog - Wikipedia</a>

syslog:
  term: Syslog
  def: The system logging service in Unraid that records system events, errors, and activity for troubleshooting and monitoring.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog">Syslog - Wikipedia</a>

tailnet:
  term: Tailnet
  def: A private, secure network created by Tailscale that connects all your devices running Tailscale, regardless of their physical location. Enables secure remote access to your Unraid server.
  link: See <a href="https://tailscale.com/kb/1217/tailnet-name">Tailnet - Tailscale Documentation</a>

tailscale:
  term: Tailscale
  def: A VPN service built on WireGuard that simplifies secure remote access to your Unraid server. Creates an encrypted mesh network between all your devices.
  link: See <a href="https://tailscale.com/">Tailscale · VPN Service for Secure Networks</a>

tld:
  term: TLD
  def: “Top-Level Domain,” the last segment of a domain name, such as .com or .net. Unraid's default ".local" works for most networks.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System">Domain Name System - Wikipedia</a>

tls:
  term: TLS
  def: “Transport Layer Security,” the successor to SSL, providing encrypted communication between your browser and the Unraid webGUI for secure administration.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security">Transport Layer Security - Wikipedia</a>

topology:
  term: Topology
  def: The structural arrangement of drives in a ZFS pool. Common topologies include mirror, RAIDZ1/2/3, and stripe, each providing different levels of performance and redundancy.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/">ZFS Pool Configuration - OpenZFS Documentation</a>

trim-discard:
  term: TRIM/Discard
  def: A command that allows the operating system to inform an SSD of which blocks of data are no longer in use, improving the performance and longevity of the drive.
  link: ""

udma:
  term: UDMA
  def: “Ultra Direct Memory Access,” a data transfer protocol between the CPU and storage devices. UDMA errors in SMART reports can indicate connection problems with the drive cable or port.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDMA">UDMA - Wikipedia</a>

uefi:
  term: UEFI
  def: “Unified Extensible Firmware Interface,” a modern replacement for BIOS that provides more features and better security. Required for some VMs and for booting from drives larger than 2TB.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI">UEFI - Wikipedia</a>

upnp:
  term: UPnP
  def: “Universal Plug and Play,” a network protocol that allows devices to discover each other on a network. Used by Unraid to automatically configure port forwarding on compatible routers.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Plug_and_Play">Universal Plug and Play - Wikipedia</a>

user-share:
  term: User share
  def: Logical view which combines folders from array drives and pools. Files remain on individual disks; can span zero or more array drives and zero or more pools.
  link: ""

vdisk-allocation:
  term: vDisk allocation
  def: The method used to provision storage space for a virtual disk—thin provisioning (allocated as needed) or thick provisioning (allocated at creation).
  link: See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_disk">Logical disk - Wikipedia</a>

vdisk:
  term: vDisk
  def: A virtual disk file used by a VM as storage. Acts as a virtual hard drive for the guest operating system.
  link: See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_disk">Logical disk - Wikipedia</a>

vfio:
  term: VFIO
  def: “Virtual Function I/O,” a technology that enables direct assignment of PCIe devices (like graphics cards) to virtual machines, providing near-native performance for GPU-intensive tasks.
  link: See <a href="https://docs.kernel.org/driver-api/vfio.html">VFIO - Linux Kernel Documentation</a>

virt:
  term: Virt
  def: Short for virtualization, referring to Unraid’s capabilities for running virtual machines.
  link: See <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/virtualization/what-is-a-virtual-machine">Virtualization - Red Hat Documentation</a>

virtfs:
  term: VirtFS
  def: A file-sharing mechanism between the Unraid host and virtual machines, allowing files to be accessed directly from the host system.
  link: See <a href="https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/VirtFS">VirtFS | KVM</a>

virtio:
  term: VirtIO
  def: A set of efficient drivers for virtual machines that improve performance by enabling direct communication between the VM and the host. Recommended for most VM devices.
  link: See <a href="http://wiki.osdev.org/Virtio">VirtIO - OSDev Wiki</a>

virtual-disk-images:
  term: Virtual disk images
  def: Files that represent physical hard drives in virtual machines. Common formats include qcow2, raw, and vhd.
  link: See <a href="https://virtualdiskimages.weebly.com/">Virtual Disk Images - Home</a>

vm-xml-templates:
  term: VM XML templates
  def: Preconfigured setups for creating specific types of virtual machines in Unraid. Simplify the process of creating optimized VMs for different operating systems.
  link: ""

vm:
  term: VM
  def: “Virtual Machine,” a software emulation of a computer that runs its own operating system inside Unraid. Functions as if it were a separate physical computer.
  link: See <a href="https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/virtualization/what-is-a-virtual-machine">Virtual Machine - Red Hat Documentation</a>

vnc-session:
  term: VNC session
  def: A remote desktop protocol used to access a virtual machine’s graphical interface directly through the Unraid webGUI.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNC">Virtual Network Computing - Wikipedia</a>

vpn-tunnel:
  term: VPN Tunnel
  def: An encrypted connection between your device and your Unraid server, allowing secure remote access over the internet.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network">Virtual Private Network - Wikipedia</a>

vt-d:
  term: VT-d
  def: “Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O,” Intel’s technology for passing through physical devices to virtual machines. Required for GPU passthrough and other device assignments on Intel platforms.
  link: See <a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/774206/intel-virtualization-technology-for-directed-i-o-architecture-specification.html">Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O</a>

wake-on-lan:
  term: Wake-on-LAN (WOL)
  def: A network standard that allows a computer to be turned on remotely by sending a special network packet. Used to power on your Unraid server without physical access.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-LAN">Wake-on-LAN - Wikipedia</a>

web-gui:
  term: WebGUI
  def: The web-based graphical user interface for managing your Unraid server through a browser. The primary way most users interact with Unraid.

wireguard:
  term: WireGuard
  def: A modern, secure VPN protocol integrated into Unraid that provides encrypted access to your server from the internet. Known for being faster and more straightforward than OpenVPN.
  link: See <a href="https://www.wireguard.com">WireGuard - Official Documentation</a>

xen-hvm:
  term: Xen HVM
  def: “Hardware Virtual Machine,” a virtualization mode that uses hardware assistance for full virtualization. Less commonly used in Unraid since the adoption of KVM.
  link: See <a href="https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Xen_Project_Beginners_Guide">Xen HVM - Xen Project Wiki</a>

xen-pv:
  term: Xen PV
  def: “Paravirtualization,” a legacy virtualization method where the guest OS is modified to work with the hypervisor. Largely superseded by hardware virtualization in modern systems.
  link: See <a href="https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/Xen_Project_Beginners_Guide">Xen PV - Xen Project Wiki</a>

xen-virtual-disk:
  term: Xen virtual disk
  def: A disk format used with Xen virtualization. Most Unraid VMs now use QEMU disk formats instead.
  link: See <a href="https://xenproject.org/">Xen Project - Open Source Virtualization</a>

xfs:
  term: XFS
  def: A high-performance filesystem used as the default for array drives in Unraid. Optimized for large files and good handling of random read/write operations.
  link: See <a href="https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/storage_administration_guide/ch-xfs">XFS File System - Red Hat Documentation</a>

zfs-arc:
  term: ZFS ARC
  def: “Adaptive Replacement Cache,” ZFS’s memory-based read cache that intelligently keeps frequently accessed data in RAM. Improves performance but requires adequate memory allocation.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_replacement_cache">Adaptive Replacement Cache - Wikipedia</a>

zfs:
  term: ZFS
  def: “Z File System,” an advanced file system and volume manager with built-in features like snapshots, checksumming, and compression. Available for pools in Unraid.
  link: See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS">ZFS - Wikipedia</a>

zpool-topologies:
  term: Zpool topologies
  def: The various ways drives can be organized in a ZFS pool, such as mirrors, RAIDZ arrays, or combinations. Determines redundancy, performance, and storage efficiency.
  link: See <a href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/">ZFS Pool Configuration - OpenZFS Documentation</a>