Add articles on proxy servers and Windows PowerShell installation

- Created a German article titled "Was ist ein Proxy Server?" explaining the concept, functionality, types, and usage of proxy servers for anonymous internet surfing.
- Created an English article titled "What is a proxy server?" covering the same topics as the German version.
- Added a comprehensive guide in German on installing Windows PowerShell, detailing its features, differences from CMD, and installation steps for Windows, Linux, and macOS.
- Added an English version of the Windows PowerShell installation guide, mirroring the content of the German article.

Author: marci

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assets/images/posts/it-security/proxy-server.jpg

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ The **MAC address** is used to identify a network-enabled device (host) in a net
 ## Structure
 This address consists of a 48-bit address and should be unique worldwide. This address is assigned to layer 2 (data link layer) in the OSI model to ensure addressing in the network.
 
-The address is usually represented in hexadecimal notation (see image “Structure of a MAC address”) and is represented in bytes separated by a colon or hyphen. This notation/representation is called the _canonical format_ and is usually also used for representation.
 
 ![MAC address structure](images/posts/it-security/Unbenanntes-Diagramm.jpg)
 

assets/images/posts/it-security/proxy_listen_de.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+title: Was ist ein Proxy Server?
+date: 2019-03-07
+categories:
+  - Netzwerk
+  - Security
+tags:
+  - netzwerk
+  - security
+  - tutorials
+description: Was ist ein Proxy-Server und wofür wird dieser verwendet?
+preview: ../../../assets/images/posts/it-security/proxy-server.jpg
+hero: /images/posts/it-security/proxy-server.jpg
+menu:
+  sidebar:
+    name: Was ist ein Proxy-Server und wofür wird dieser verwendet?
+    identifier: proxy
+    parent: security
+lastmode: 2025-07-28T14:32:35.743Z
+keywords:
+  - proxy-server
+---
+
+## Anonym im Internet surfen
+
+In diesem Beitrag versuche ich euch in hoffentlich verständlichen Worten die Frage "Was ist ein Proxy Server?" zu beantworten.
+
+Um anonym im Internet surfen zu können, ist unteranderem der Einsatz eines Proxy Server unumgänglich. In diesem Beitrag erfahrt ihr auf welche Besonderheiten ihr bei der Auswahl eines Proxy Servers achten müsst und woher ihr diesen beziehen könnt.
+
+## Funktionsweise
+
+Ein Proxy Server kann man als Vermittler oder Zwischenhändler im Netzwerk betrachten. Dieser empfängt die Anfragen eines Proxy-Client (z.B. Desktop) und gibt diese in seinem Namen an den Ziel-Webserver weiter, der vom Proxy-Client angefragt wurde. 
+
+![Proxy-Listen.de](/images/posts/it-security/proxy_listen_de.jpg)
+
+Um diesen Verlauf mal vereinfacht darzustellen, bedienen ich mich dem folgenden Szenario: 
+
+### Der Proxy-Server
+
+**Stellt euch vor ihr leitet ein Team. Jeder Mitarbeiter in deinem Team möchte Verbesserung vorschlagen, wie sich die Arbeit noch effizienter erledigen lässt. Natürlich soll jetzt nicht jeder von deinen Mitarbeitern zum Chef rennen und ihm mit seiner Super-Idee nerven. Also pflichtbewusst wie du bist, sammelst du alle Vorschläge, fasst diese in deinen Worten zusammen und trägst dann alles zusammen deinem Chef vor.** 
+
+**In diesem vorgestellten Szenario bist du der Proxy-Server, die Mitarbeiter sind die Proxy-Clients und dein Chef ist der Web-Server.** 
+
+### Arten von Proxy Server für die Anonymisierung von Datenverkehr im Internet
+
+Es gibt drei verschiedene Arten von Proxy Server die **bei einer Anonymisierung** als Vermittlerstelle fungieren können, wobei eigentlich nur zwei für diese Art der Netzwerk-Kommunikation von nutzen sind. Diese drei Arten von Server unterteilen sich folgendermaßen: 
+
+- **Level 1 - Elite Proxies**
+  - Bei einem Level 1-Proxy Server werden weder eure IP-Adresse noch die Verwendung eines Proxy-Server dem Webserver mitgeteilt (keine der unten genannten Variablen werden im Header mitgesendet). Dieser Level 1 Server ist daher den anderen Level-Servern im Bezug der Anonymität unbedingt vorzuziehen!
+- **Level 2 - Anonymous Proxies**
+  - Bei dieser Art von Proxy-Server werden dem Gegenüber mitgeteilt, dass die Anfrage über einen Proxy-Server gestellt wird. Die IP-Adresse wird dabei aber nicht übermittelt und man bleibt hierbei in gewisserweise dem angefragten Server gegenüber anonym.
+- **Level 3 - Transparent Proxies**
+  - Transparent Proxies werden meist und sollten auch nur in Verwendung einer Server-Kette (wenn mehrere Server hintereinander geschaltet werden) verwendet werden. Dier Server-Typ übermittelt die angefragende IP-Adresse sowie auch seinen Status als Proxy-Server seinem Gegenüber.
+
+### Die Header-Variablen
+
+Um hier eine Differenzierung der einzelnen Level vornehmen zu können, muss man sich die Header-Variablen die in den Traffic-Paketen eingefügt werden, genauer anschauen. Diese Variablen werden vom Proxy-Server dem Gegenüber unter Umständen mitgeteilt und sind somit ausschlaggebend für die Einstufung als Anonymisierungs-Server.   
+
+#### Die wichtigsten Variablen im Überblick
+
+```sh
+HTTP_CLIENT_IP
+X_FORWARDED_FOR
+X_HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR
+FORWARDED_FOR
+HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
+```
+
+Solltet ihr einer der oberen Variablen im Header finden, dann weiß der angefragte Webserver eure IP-Adresse!
+
+```sh
+HTTP_VIA
+HTTP_FORWARDED
+HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION
+```
+
+Die oberen drei Variablen zeigen dem angefragten Webserver, dass die Anfrage über einen Proxy-Server erfolgt und kann daher dazu führen, dass der Webserver die Anfrage ablehnt. Dies ist zum Beispiel der Fall, wenn ihr durch die Nutzung eines Proxy-Servers versucht die Länderbeschränkung zu umgehen um auf ein Videoportal zuzugreifen zu können, welches in Deutschland nicht verfügbar ist.
+
+## Übersicht verfügbarer kostenloser Proxy-Server
+
+Um nun anonym im Internet surfen zu können braucht ihr natürlich am besten auch einen kostenlosen Proxy-Server. Eine gute Auflistung mit entsprechender erweiteter Suche (z.B. nach Level, Verfügbarkeit, usw.) findet ihr auf der Seite [proxy-listen.de](https://www.proxy-listen.de/Proxy/Proxyliste.html).  
+
+

assets/images/posts/windows/CMD-Batch.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: What is a proxy server?
+date: 2019-03-07
+categories:
+- Network
+- Security
+tags:
+- network
+- security
+- tutorials
+description: What is a proxy server and what is it used for?
+preview: ../../../assets/images/posts/it-security/proxy-server.jpg
+hero: /images/posts/it-security/proxy-server.jpg
+menu:
+  sidebar:
+    name: What is a proxy server and what is it used for?
+    identifier: proxy
+    parent: security
+lastmode: 2025-07-28T14:32:35.743Z
+keywords:
+- proxy server
+---
+## Surfing anonymously on the Internet
+In this article, I will try to answer the question “What is a proxy server?” in hopefully understandable terms.
+In order to surf anonymously on the Internet, the use of a proxy server is essential. In this article, you will learn what special features you need to look for when choosing a proxy server and where you can get one.
+## How it works
+A proxy server can be viewed as an intermediary or middleman in a network. It receives requests from a proxy client (e.g., desktop) and forwards them on its behalf to the target web server requested by the proxy client.
+
+
+![Proxy-Listen.de](/images/posts/it-security/proxy_listen_de.jpg)
+
+
+To simplify this process, I will use the following scenario:
+
+
+### The proxy server
+**Imagine you are managing a team. Every employee in your team wants to suggest improvements on how to make their work more efficient. Of course, you don't want all your employees running to the boss with their great ideas. So, being the conscientious person you are, you collect all the suggestions, summarize them in your own words, and then present everything to your boss.** 
+**In this scenario, you are the proxy server, the employees are the proxy clients, and your boss is the web server.**
+ 
+### Types of proxy servers for anonymizing Internet traffic
+There are three different types of proxy servers that can act as intermediaries **for anonymization**, although only two are actually useful for this type of network communication. These three types of servers are divided as follows:
+- **Level 1 - Elite Proxies**
+  - With a Level 1 proxy server, neither your IP address nor the use of a proxy server is disclosed to the web server (none of the variables listed below are sent in the header). This Level 1 server is therefore definitely preferable to the other level servers in terms of anonymity!
+- Level 2 - Anonymous Proxies
+- With this type of proxy server, the other party is informed that the request is being made via a proxy server. However, the IP address is not transmitted and you remain anonymous to the requested server to a certain extent.
+- Level 3 - Transparent proxies
+- Transparent proxies are mostly used and should only be used in a server chain (when several servers are connected in series). This server type transmits the requesting IP address and its status as a proxy server to the other party.
+### The header variables
+In order to differentiate between the individual levels, you need to take a closer look at the header variables that are inserted into the traffic packets. These variables may be communicated by the proxy server to the other party and are therefore decisive for classification as an anonymization server.
+#### The most important variables at a glance
+```sh
+HTTP_CLIENT_IP
+X_FORWARDED_FOR
+X_HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR
+FORWARDED_FOR
+HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
+```
+If you find one of the above variables in the header, the requested web server knows your IP address!
+```sh
+HTTP_VIA
+HTTP_FORWARDED
+HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION
+```
+The top three variables show the requested web server that the request is being made via a proxy server and may therefore cause the web server to reject the request. This is the case, for example, if you are using a proxy server to try to bypass country restrictions in order to access a video portal that is not available in Germany.
+## Overview of available free proxy servers
+To surf the Internet anonymously, you will of course need a free proxy server. A good list with an advanced search function (e.g. by level, availability, etc.) can be found at [proxy-listen.de](https://www.proxy-listen.de/Proxy/Proxyliste.html).
+