-
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 35.5k
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathnpm-install.html
More file actions
803 lines (781 loc) · 35.9 KB
/
npm-install.html
File metadata and controls
803 lines (781 loc) · 35.9 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>npm-install</title>
<style>
body {
background-color: #ffffff;
color: #24292e;
margin: 0;
line-height: 1.5;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji";
}
#rainbar {
height: 10px;
background-image: linear-gradient(139deg, #fb8817, #ff4b01, #c12127, #e02aff);
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: #0366d6;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
pre {
margin: 1em 0px;
padding: 1em;
border: solid 1px #e1e4e8;
border-radius: 6px;
display: block;
overflow: auto;
white-space: pre;
background-color: #f6f8fa;
color: #393a34;
}
code {
font-family: SFMono-Regular, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, Courier, monospace;
font-size: 85%;
padding: 0.2em 0.4em;
background-color: #f6f8fa;
color: #393a34;
}
pre > code {
padding: 0;
background-color: inherit;
color: inherit;
}
h1, h2, h3 {
font-weight: 600;
}
#logobar {
background-color: #333333;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 1em 4em;
}
#logobar .logo {
float: left;
}
#logobar .title {
font-weight: 600;
color: #dddddd;
float: left;
margin: 5px 0 0 1em;
}
#logobar:after {
content: "";
display: block;
clear: both;
}
#content {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0 4em;
}
#table_of_contents > h2 {
font-size: 1.17em;
}
#table_of_contents ul:first-child {
border: solid 1px #e1e4e8;
border-radius: 6px;
padding: 1em;
background-color: #f6f8fa;
color: #393a34;
}
#table_of_contents ul {
list-style-type: none;
padding-left: 1.5em;
}
#table_of_contents li {
font-size: 0.9em;
}
#table_of_contents li a {
color: #000000;
}
header.title {
border-bottom: solid 1px #e1e4e8;
}
header.title > h1 {
margin-bottom: 0.25em;
}
header.title > .description {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
line-height: 1;
}
header.title .version {
font-size: 0.8em;
color: #666666;
}
footer#edit {
border-top: solid 1px #e1e4e8;
margin: 3em 0 4em 0;
padding-top: 2em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="banner">
<div id="rainbar"></div>
<div id="logobar">
<svg class="logo" role="img" height="32" width="32" viewBox="0 0 700 700">
<polygon fill="#cb0000" points="0,700 700,700 700,0 0,0"></polygon>
<polygon fill="#ffffff" points="150,550 350,550 350,250 450,250 450,550 550,550 550,150 150,150"></polygon>
</svg>
<div class="title">
npm command-line interface
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="content">
<header class="title">
<h1 id="----npm-install----1098">
<span>npm-install</span>
<span class="version">@10.9.8</span>
</h1>
<span class="description">Install a package</span>
</header>
<section id="table_of_contents">
<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li><ul><li><a href="#save"><code>save</code></a></li><li><a href="#save-exact"><code>save-exact</code></a></li><li><a href="#global"><code>global</code></a></li><li><a href="#install-strategy"><code>install-strategy</code></a></li><li><a href="#legacy-bundling"><code>legacy-bundling</code></a></li><li><a href="#global-style"><code>global-style</code></a></li><li><a href="#omit"><code>omit</code></a></li><li><a href="#include"><code>include</code></a></li><li><a href="#strict-peer-deps"><code>strict-peer-deps</code></a></li><li><a href="#prefer-dedupe"><code>prefer-dedupe</code></a></li><li><a href="#package-lock"><code>package-lock</code></a></li><li><a href="#package-lock-only"><code>package-lock-only</code></a></li><li><a href="#foreground-scripts"><code>foreground-scripts</code></a></li><li><a href="#ignore-scripts"><code>ignore-scripts</code></a></li><li><a href="#audit"><code>audit</code></a></li><li><a href="#bin-links"><code>bin-links</code></a></li><li><a href="#fund"><code>fund</code></a></li><li><a href="#dry-run"><code>dry-run</code></a></li><li><a href="#cpu"><code>cpu</code></a></li><li><a href="#os"><code>os</code></a></li><li><a href="#libc"><code>libc</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspace"><code>workspace</code></a></li><li><a href="#workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></a></li><li><a href="#include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></a></li><li><a href="#install-links"><code>install-links</code></a></li></ul><li><a href="#algorithm">Algorithm</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
</section>
<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install [<package-spec> ...]
aliases: add, i, in, ins, inst, insta, instal, isnt, isnta, isntal, isntall
</code></pre>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>This command installs a package and any packages that it depends on. If the
package has a package-lock, or an npm shrinkwrap file, or a yarn lock file,
the installation of dependencies will be driven by that, respecting the
following order of precedence:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code></li>
<li><code>package-lock.json</code></li>
<li><code>yarn.lock</code></li>
</ul>
<p>See <a href="../configuring-npm/package-lock-json.html">package-lock.json</a> and
<a href="../commands/npm-shrinkwrap.html"><code>npm shrinkwrap</code></a>.</p>
<p>A <code>package</code> is:</p>
<ul>
<li>a) a folder containing a program described by a
<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html"><code>package.json</code></a> file</li>
<li>b) a gzipped tarball containing (a)</li>
<li>c) a url that resolves to (b)</li>
<li>d) a <code><name>@<version></code> that is published on the registry (see
<a href="../using-npm/registry.html"><code>registry</code></a>) with (c)</li>
<li>e) a <code><name>@<tag></code> (see <a href="../commands/npm-dist-tag.html"><code>npm dist-tag</code></a>) that
points to (d)</li>
<li>f) a <code><name></code> that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e)</li>
<li>g) a <code><git remote url></code> that resolves to (a)</li>
</ul>
<p>Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of benefits
of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and perhaps if
you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere after packing it up
into a tarball (b).</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>npm install</code> (in a package directory, no arguments):</p>
<p>Install the dependencies to the local <code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
<p>In global mode (ie, with <code>-g</code> or <code>--global</code> appended to the command),
it installs the current package context (ie, the current working
directory) as a global package.</p>
<p>By default, <code>npm install</code> will install all modules listed as
dependencies in <a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html"><code>package.json</code></a>.</p>
<p>With the <code>--production</code> flag (or when the <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment
variable is set to <code>production</code>), npm will not install modules listed
in <code>devDependencies</code>. To install all modules listed in both
<code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> when <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment
variable is set to <code>production</code>, you can use <code>--production=false</code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>NOTE: The <code>--production</code> flag has no particular meaning when adding a
dependency to a project.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <folder></code>:</p>
<p>If <code><folder></code> sits inside the root of your project, its dependencies will be installed and may
be hoisted to the top-level <code>node_modules</code> as they would for other
types of dependencies. If <code><folder></code> sits outside the root of your project,
<em>npm will not install the package dependencies</em> in the directory <code><folder></code>,
but it will create a symlink to <code><folder></code>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>NOTE: If you want to install the content of a directory like a package from the registry instead of creating a link, you would need to use the <code>--install-links</code> option.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install ../../other-package --install-links
npm install ./sub-package
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <tarball file></code>:</p>
<p>Install a package that is sitting on the filesystem. Note: if you just
want to link a dev directory into your npm root, you can do this more
easily by using <a href="../commands/npm-link.html"><code>npm link</code></a>.</p>
<p>Tarball requirements:</p>
<ul>
<li>The filename <em>must</em> use <code>.tar</code>, <code>.tar.gz</code>, or <code>.tgz</code> as the
extension.</li>
<li>The package contents should reside in a subfolder inside the tarball
(usually it is called <code>package/</code>). npm strips one directory layer
when installing the package (an equivalent of <code>tar x --strip-components=1</code> is run).</li>
<li>The package must contain a <code>package.json</code> file with <code>name</code> and
<code>version</code> properties.</li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install ./package.tgz
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <tarball url></code>:</p>
<p>Fetch the tarball url, and then install it. In order to distinguish between
this and other options, the argument must start with "http://" or "https://"</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install https://github.com/indexzero/forever/tarball/v0.5.6
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install [<@scope>/]<name></code>:</p>
<p>Do a <code><name>@<tag></code> install, where <code><tag></code> is the "tag" config. (See
<a href="../using-npm/config#tag.html"><code>config</code></a>. The config's default value is <code>latest</code>.)</p>
<p>In most cases, this will install the version of the modules tagged as
<code>latest</code> on the npm registry.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax
</code></pre>
<p><code>npm install</code> saves any specified packages into <code>dependencies</code> by default.
Additionally, you can control where and how they get saved with some
additional flags:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>-P, --save-prod</code>: Package will appear in your <code>dependencies</code>. This
is the default unless <code>-D</code> or <code>-O</code> are present.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>-D, --save-dev</code>: Package will appear in your <code>devDependencies</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--save-peer</code>: Package will appear in your <code>peerDependencies</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>-O, --save-optional</code>: Package will appear in your
<code>optionalDependencies</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>--no-save</code>: Prevents saving to <code>dependencies</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>When using any of the above options to save dependencies to your
package.json, there are two additional, optional flags:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>-E, --save-exact</code>: Saved dependencies will be configured with an
exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>-B, --save-bundle</code>: Saved dependencies will also be added to your
<code>bundleDependencies</code> list.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Further, if you have an <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> or <code>package-lock.json</code>
then it will be updated as well.</p>
<p><code><scope></code> is optional. The package will be downloaded from the registry
associated with the specified scope. If no registry is associated with
the given scope the default registry is assumed. See
<a href="../using-npm/scope.html"><code>scope</code></a>.</p>
<p>Note: if you do not include the @-symbol on your scope name, npm will
interpret this as a GitHub repository instead, see below. Scopes names
must also be followed by a slash.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax
npm install githubname/reponame
npm install @myorg/privatepackage
npm install node-tap --save-dev
npm install dtrace-provider --save-optional
npm install readable-stream --save-exact
npm install ansi-regex --save-bundle
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <alias>@npm:<name></code>:</p>
<p>Install a package under a custom alias. Allows multiple versions of
a same-name package side-by-side, more convenient import names for
packages with otherwise long ones, and using git forks replacements
or forked npm packages as replacements. Aliasing works only on your
project and does not rename packages in transitive dependencies.
Aliases should follow the naming conventions stated in
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/validate-npm-package-name#naming-rules"><code>validate-npm-package-name</code></a>.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install my-react@npm:react
npm install jquery2@npm:jquery@2
npm install jquery3@npm:jquery@3
npm install npa@npm:npm-package-arg
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<tag></code>:</p>
<p>Install the version of the package that is referenced by the specified tag.
If the tag does not exist in the registry data for that package, then this
will fail.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax@latest
npm install @myorg/mypackage@latest
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version></code>:</p>
<p>Install the specified version of the package. This will fail if the
version has not been published to the registry.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax@0.1.1
npm install @myorg/privatepackage@1.5.0
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install [<@scope>/]<name>@<version range></code>:</p>
<p>Install a version of the package matching the specified version range.
This will follow the same rules for resolving dependencies described in
<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html"><code>package.json</code></a>.</p>
<p>Note that most version ranges must be put in quotes so that your shell
will treat it as a single argument.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0"
npm install @myorg/privatepackage@"16 - 17"
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <git remote url></code>:</p>
<p>Installs the package from the hosted git provider, cloning it with
<code>git</code>. For a full git remote url, only that URL will be attempted.</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash"><protocol>://[<user>[:<password>]@]<hostname>[:<port>][:][/]<path>[#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>]
</code></pre>
<p><code><protocol></code> is one of <code>git</code>, <code>git+ssh</code>, <code>git+http</code>, <code>git+https</code>, or
<code>git+file</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>#<commit-ish></code> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format <code>#semver:<semver></code>, <code><semver></code>
can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
it would for a registry dependency. If neither <code>#<commit-ish></code> or
<code>#semver:<semver></code> is specified, then the default branch of the
repository is used.</p>
<p>If the repository makes use of submodules, those submodules will be
cloned as well.</p>
<p>If the package being installed contains a <code>prepare</code> script, its
<code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> will be installed, and the prepare
script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed.</p>
<p>The following git environment variables are recognized by npm and will
be added to the environment when running git:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>GIT_ASKPASS</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_EXEC_PATH</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_PROXY_COMMAND</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_SSH</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_SSH_COMMAND</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_SSL_CAINFO</code></li>
<li><code>GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY</code></li>
</ul>
<p>See the git man page for details.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#pull/273
npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0
npm install git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git
npm install git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27
GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i ~/.ssh/custom_ident' npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install <githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit-ish>]</code>:</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install github:<githubname>/<githubrepo>[#<commit-ish>]</code>:</p>
<p>Install the package at <code>https://github.com/githubname/githubrepo</code> by
attempting to clone it using <code>git</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>#<commit-ish></code> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format <code>#semver:<semver></code>, <code><semver></code>
can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for
any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as
it would for a registry dependency. If neither <code>#<commit-ish></code> or
<code>#semver:<semver></code> is specified, then the default branch is used.</p>
<p>As with regular git dependencies, <code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code>
will be installed if the package has a <code>prepare</code> script before the
package is done installing.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install mygithubuser/myproject
npm install github:mygithubuser/myproject
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install gist:[<githubname>/]<gistID>[#<commit-ish>|#semver:<semver>]</code>:</p>
<p>Install the package at <code>https://gist.github.com/gistID</code> by attempting to
clone it using <code>git</code>. The GitHub username associated with the gist is
optional and will not be saved in <code>package.json</code>.</p>
<p>As with regular git dependencies, <code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> will
be installed if the package has a <code>prepare</code> script before the package is
done installing.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install gist:101a11beef
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install bitbucket:<bitbucketname>/<bitbucketrepo>[#<commit-ish>]</code>:</p>
<p>Install the package at <code>https://bitbucket.org/bitbucketname/bitbucketrepo</code>
by attempting to clone it using <code>git</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>#<commit-ish></code> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format <code>#semver:<semver></code>, <code><semver></code> can
be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
registry dependency. If neither <code>#<commit-ish></code> or <code>#semver:<semver></code> is
specified, then <code>master</code> is used.</p>
<p>As with regular git dependencies, <code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> will
be installed if the package has a <code>prepare</code> script before the package is
done installing.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install bitbucket:mybitbucketuser/myproject
</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>npm install gitlab:<gitlabname>/<gitlabrepo>[#<commit-ish>]</code>:</p>
<p>Install the package at <code>https://gitlab.com/gitlabname/gitlabrepo</code>
by attempting to clone it using <code>git</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>#<commit-ish></code> is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that
commit. If the commit-ish has the format <code>#semver:<semver></code>, <code><semver></code> can
be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags
or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a
registry dependency. If neither <code>#<commit-ish></code> or <code>#semver:<semver></code> is
specified, then <code>master</code> is used.</p>
<p>As with regular git dependencies, <code>dependencies</code> and <code>devDependencies</code> will
be installed if the package has a <code>prepare</code> script before the package is
done installing.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install gitlab:mygitlabuser/myproject
npm install gitlab:myusr/myproj#semver:^5.0
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
<p>You may combine multiple arguments and even multiple types of arguments.
For example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0" bench supervisor
</code></pre>
<p>The <code>--tag</code> argument will apply to all of the specified install targets. If
a tag with the given name exists, the tagged version is preferred over
newer versions.</p>
<p>The <code>--dry-run</code> argument will report in the usual way what the install
would have done without actually installing anything.</p>
<p>The <code>--package-lock-only</code> argument will only update the
<code>package-lock.json</code>, instead of checking <code>node_modules</code> and downloading
dependencies.</p>
<p>The <code>-f</code> or <code>--force</code> argument will force npm to fetch remote resources
even if a local copy exists on disk.</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">npm install sax --force
</code></pre>
<h3 id="configuration">Configuration</h3>
<p>See the <a href="../using-npm/config.html"><code>config</code></a> help doc. Many of the configuration
params have some effect on installation, since that's most of what npm
does.</p>
<p>These are some of the most common options related to installation.</p>
<h4 id="save"><code>save</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: <code>true</code> unless when using <code>npm update</code> where it defaults to <code>false</code></li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Save installed packages to a <code>package.json</code> file as dependencies.</p>
<p>When used with the <code>npm rm</code> command, removes the dependency from
<code>package.json</code>.</p>
<p>Will also prevent writing to <code>package-lock.json</code> if set to <code>false</code>.</p>
<h4 id="save-exact"><code>save-exact</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version
rather than using npm's default semver range operator.</p>
<h4 id="global"><code>global</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the <code>prefix</code>
folder instead of the current working directory. See
<a href="../configuring-npm/folders.html">folders</a> for more on the differences in behavior.</p>
<ul>
<li>packages are installed into the <code>{prefix}/lib/node_modules</code> folder, instead
of the current working directory.</li>
<li>bin files are linked to <code>{prefix}/bin</code></li>
<li>man pages are linked to <code>{prefix}/share/man</code></li>
</ul>
<h4 id="install-strategy"><code>install-strategy</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: "hoisted"</li>
<li>Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked"</li>
</ul>
<p>Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted
(default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary
within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in
place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct
deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store,
link in place, unhoisted.</p>
<h4 id="legacy-bundling"><code>legacy-bundling</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
<li>DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of
<code>--install-strategy=nested</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Instead of hoisting package installs in <code>node_modules</code>, install packages in
the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep
directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no
de-duplicating. Sets <code>--install-strategy=nested</code>.</p>
<h4 id="global-style"><code>global-style</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
<li>DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of
<code>--install-strategy=shallow</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Only install direct dependencies in the top level <code>node_modules</code>, but hoist
on deeper dependencies. Sets <code>--install-strategy=shallow</code>.</p>
<h4 id="omit"><code>omit</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: 'dev' if the <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment variable is set to
'production', otherwise empty.</li>
<li>Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)</li>
</ul>
<p>Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk.</p>
<p>Note that these dependencies <em>are</em> still resolved and added to the
<code>package-lock.json</code> or <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> file. They are just not
physically installed on disk.</p>
<p>If a package type appears in both the <code>--include</code> and <code>--omit</code> lists, then
it will be included.</p>
<p>If the resulting omit list includes <code>'dev'</code>, then the <code>NODE_ENV</code> environment
variable will be set to <code>'production'</code> for all lifecycle scripts.</p>
<h4 id="include"><code>include</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default:</li>
<li>Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times)</li>
</ul>
<p>Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install.</p>
<p>This is the inverse of <code>--omit=<type></code>.</p>
<p>Dependency types specified in <code>--include</code> will not be omitted, regardless of
the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line.</p>
<h4 id="strict-peer-deps"><code>strict-peer-deps</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>If set to <code>true</code>, and <code>--legacy-peer-deps</code> is not set, then <em>any</em>
conflicting <code>peerDependencies</code> will be treated as an install failure, even
if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer
dependency relationships.</p>
<p>By default, conflicting <code>peerDependencies</code> deep in the dependency graph will
be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if
doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside
the range set in their package's <code>peerDependencies</code> object.</p>
<p>When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the
conflict and the packages involved. If <code>--strict-peer-deps</code> is set, then
this warning is treated as a failure.</p>
<h4 id="prefer-dedupe"><code>prefer-dedupe</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Prefer to deduplicate packages if possible, rather than choosing a newer
version of a dependency.</p>
<h4 id="package-lock"><code>package-lock</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: true</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>If set to false, then ignore <code>package-lock.json</code> files when installing. This
will also prevent <em>writing</em> <code>package-lock.json</code> if <code>save</code> is true.</p>
<h4 id="package-lock-only"><code>package-lock-only</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>If set to true, the current operation will only use the <code>package-lock.json</code>,
ignoring <code>node_modules</code>.</p>
<p>For <code>update</code> this means only the <code>package-lock.json</code> will be updated,
instead of checking <code>node_modules</code> and downloading dependencies.</p>
<p>For <code>list</code> this means the output will be based on the tree described by the
<code>package-lock.json</code>, rather than the contents of <code>node_modules</code>.</p>
<h4 id="foreground-scripts"><code>foreground-scripts</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: <code>false</code> unless when using <code>npm pack</code> or <code>npm publish</code> where it
defaults to <code>true</code></li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Run all build scripts (ie, <code>preinstall</code>, <code>install</code>, and <code>postinstall</code>)
scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard
input, output, and error with the main npm process.</p>
<p>Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier,
but can be useful for debugging.</p>
<h4 id="ignore-scripts"><code>ignore-scripts</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files.</p>
<p>Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as
<code>npm start</code>, <code>npm stop</code>, <code>npm restart</code>, <code>npm test</code>, and <code>npm run-script</code>
will still run their intended script if <code>ignore-scripts</code> is set, but they
will <em>not</em> run any pre- or post-scripts.</p>
<h4 id="audit"><code>audit</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: true</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the
default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the
documentation for <a href="../commands/npm-audit.html"><code>npm audit</code></a> for details on what is
submitted.</p>
<h4 id="bin-links"><code>bin-links</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: true</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Tells npm to create symlinks (or <code>.cmd</code> shims on Windows) for package
executables.</p>
<p>Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the
fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix
systems.</p>
<h4 id="fund"><code>fund</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: true</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>When "true" displays the message at the end of each <code>npm install</code>
acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See <a href="../commands/npm-fund.html"><code>npm fund</code></a> for details.</p>
<h4 id="dry-run"><code>dry-run</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should
only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the
commands that modify your local installation, eg, <code>install</code>, <code>update</code>,
<code>dedupe</code>, <code>uninstall</code>, as well as <code>pack</code> and <code>publish</code>.</p>
<p>Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg <code>dist-tags</code>,
<code>owner</code>, etc.</p>
<h4 id="cpu"><code>cpu</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: null</li>
<li>Type: null or String</li>
</ul>
<p>Override CPU architecture of native modules to install. Acceptable values
are same as <code>cpu</code> field of package.json, which comes from <code>process.arch</code>.</p>
<h4 id="os"><code>os</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: null</li>
<li>Type: null or String</li>
</ul>
<p>Override OS of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as <code>os</code>
field of package.json, which comes from <code>process.platform</code>.</p>
<h4 id="libc"><code>libc</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: null</li>
<li>Type: null or String</li>
</ul>
<p>Override libc of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as
<code>libc</code> field of package.json</p>
<h4 id="workspace"><code>workspace</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default:</li>
<li>Type: String (can be set multiple times)</li>
</ul>
<p>Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the
current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by
this configuration option.</p>
<p>Valid values for the <code>workspace</code> config are either:</p>
<ul>
<li>Workspace names</li>
<li>Path to a workspace directory</li>
<li>Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all
workspaces within that folder)</li>
</ul>
<p>When set for the <code>npm init</code> command, this may be set to the folder of a
workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a
brand new workspace within the project.</p>
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
<h4 id="workspaces"><code>workspaces</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: null</li>
<li>Type: null or Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Set to true to run the command in the context of <strong>all</strong> configured
workspaces.</p>
<p>Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like <code>install</code> to
ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly:</p>
<ul>
<li>Commands that operate on the <code>node_modules</code> tree (install, update, etc.)
will link workspaces into the <code>node_modules</code> folder. - Commands that do
other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project,
<em>unless</em> one or more workspaces are specified in the <code>workspace</code> config.</li>
</ul>
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
<h4 id="include-workspace-root"><code>include-workspace-root</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command.</p>
<p>When false, specifying individual workspaces via the <code>workspace</code> config, or
all workspaces via the <code>workspaces</code> flag, will cause npm to operate only on
the specified workspaces, and not on the root project.</p>
<p>This value is not exported to the environment for child processes.</p>
<h4 id="install-links"><code>install-links</code></h4>
<ul>
<li>Default: false</li>
<li>Type: Boolean</li>
</ul>
<p>When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular
dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on
workspaces.</p>
<h3 id="algorithm">Algorithm</h3>
<p>Given a <code>package{dep}</code> structure: <code>A{B,C}, B{C}, C{D}</code>,
the npm install algorithm produces:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">A
+-- B
+-- C
+-- D
</code></pre>
<p>That is, the dependency from B to C is satisfied by the fact that A already
caused C to be installed at a higher level. D is still installed at the top
level because nothing conflicts with it.</p>
<p>For <code>A{B,C}, B{C,D@1}, C{D@2}</code>, this algorithm produces:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">A
+-- B
+-- C
`-- D@2
+-- D@1
</code></pre>
<p>Because B's D@1 will be installed in the top-level, C now has to install
D@2 privately for itself. This algorithm is deterministic, but different
trees may be produced if two dependencies are requested for installation in
a different order.</p>
<p>See <a href="../configuring-npm/folders.html">folders</a> for a more detailed description of
the specific folder structures that npm creates.</p>
<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/folders.html">npm folders</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-update.html">npm update</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-audit.html">npm audit</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-fund.html">npm fund</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-link.html">npm link</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-rebuild.html">npm rebuild</a></li>
<li><a href="../using-npm/scripts.html">npm scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-config.html">npm config</a></li>
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/npmrc.html">npmrc</a></li>
<li><a href="../using-npm/registry.html">npm registry</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-dist-tag.html">npm dist-tag</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-uninstall.html">npm uninstall</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-shrinkwrap.html">npm shrinkwrap</a></li>
<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
<li><a href="../using-npm/workspaces.html">workspaces</a></li>
</ul></div>
<footer id="edit">
<a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/edit/latest/docs/content/commands/npm-install.md">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentcolor" style="vertical-align: text-bottom; margin-right: 0.3em;">
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.013 1.427a1.75 1.75 0 012.474 0l1.086 1.086a1.75 1.75 0 010 2.474l-8.61 8.61c-.21.21-.47.364-.756.445l-3.251.93a.75.75 0 01-.927-.928l.929-3.25a1.75 1.75 0 01.445-.758l8.61-8.61zm1.414 1.06a.25.25 0 00-.354 0L10.811 3.75l1.439 1.44 1.263-1.263a.25.25 0 000-.354l-1.086-1.086zM11.189 6.25L9.75 4.81l-6.286 6.287a.25.25 0 00-.064.108l-.558 1.953 1.953-.558a.249.249 0 00.108-.064l6.286-6.286z"></path>
</svg>
Edit this page on GitHub
</a>
</footer>
</section>
</body></html>