ci: drop Python 3.10/3.11 and pin Ubuntu runners to ubuntu-latest (#3046)

Trims the GitHub Actions test matrices to reduce load on GitHub-hosted
runners. Full coverage across the dropped configurations continues to
run in internal CI (Jenkins), so no use case loses testing overall. 011f0a9

Author: github-actions[bot]

reference/comparison.html

@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@
 <h1>Comparison Table NumPy/ DPNP/ CuPy<a class="headerlink" href="#comparison-table-numpy-dpnp-cupy" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
 <p>Here is a list of NumPy and CuPy APIs and its corresponding DPNP implementations.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> in DPNP column means that DPNP implementation is not provided yet.</p>
-<p><strong>NumPy(v2.5.2) / DPNP(v0.21.0dev7+7.g1d7c6fa4e43) / CuPy(v14.2.0) APIs</strong></p>
+<p><strong>NumPy(v2.5.2) / DPNP(v0.21.0dev7+8.g011f0a9649d) / CuPy(v14.2.0) APIs</strong></p>
 <section id="summary">
 <h2>Summary<a class="headerlink" href="#summary" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
 <div class="table-wrapper docutils container">